REPORT 


LEGISLATIVE    COMMITTEE 


FROM    THE 


STATE   OF   NEW   YORK 

TO    THE 

ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

1909 


TRANSMITTED  TO   THE  LEGISLATURE  JANUARY   25,    1910 


ALBANY 

J.    B.    LYON    COMPANY,    PRINTERS 
191  0 


CHARLES  EVANS  HUGHES 
Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York 

Born  Glens  Falls,  April  11,  1862.  Graduated  Brown  University  1881;  Columbia  Law  School 
1884.  Connected  with  the  firm  of  Carter,  Hornblower  &  Byrne,  New  York  City,  1891.  Professor 
Law  of  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  1891-93.  Member  firm  Carter,  Hughes  &  Dwlght  1893-1903. 
Member  of  firm  Hughes,  Rounds  &  Schurman,  1904-1906.  Counsel  1905  of  the  Legislative  Joint 
Committee  to  investigate  Gas  and  Electric  Lighting  Companies,  New  York  City.  Counsel  in  1 905  of 
the  Legislative  Joint  Committee  to  investigate  Life  Insurance.  Elected  Governor  of  New  York  State 
November,  1906,  receiving  a  plurality  of  57,897.  Re-elected  Governor  In  the  fall  of  1908,  receiving  a 
plurality  of  69,462. 

tr 


REPORT 


of  the 


Legislative  Committee  from  the  State  of  New  York 


to  the 


Alaska-Yukon-Pacific  Exposition 


ALBANY,  N.  Y.,  January  15,  1910. 
To  the  Legislature: 

We  hereby  submit  the  final  Report  of  the  Legislative  Committee 
from  the  State  of  New  York  to  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition. 

Very  respectfully, 

B.  M.  WILCOX, 

Chief  Executive  Officer. 
JOHN  T.  McCALL, 
J.  M.  WAINWRIGHT, 
JAMES  S.  PARKER, 
FRANK  S.  BURZYNSKI. 


Table  of  Contents 


PAGE. 

Rise  of  Exposition  Idea 9 

Resume  of  Scope  and  Object  of  Alaska-Yukon-Pacific  Exposition.     13 

Invitation  to  States  and  Governments 17 

Acceptance  of  New  York  State 21 

Appropriation;  Nature  and  Organization  of  Committee 25 

New  York  State  Building 31 

Nature  of  Exhibits 37 

List  of  Awards 43 

Personnel  of  the  Staff 53 

Attendance 57 

List  of  State  and  General  Functions 63 

New  York  Day 73 

Address  by  Governor  Hughes 77 

Banquet  to  Governor  Hughes 87 

Seward  Monument  and  Seward  Day 119 

Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition 181 

Summary  of  Expenditures 191 


BENJAMIN  M.  WILCOX 
Chairman  and  Executive  Officer,  New  York  State  Committee 

Born  at  Fleming,  Cayu&a  County.  Educated  In  public  schools  of  City  of  Auburn 
where  he  has  resided  since  1865.  Clerk  Board  of  Supervisors  and  Deputy  County  Clerk 
1877-1882.  County  Clerk  1883-1891.  Member  of  Assembly  1894-1895.  State  Senator 
1896-1909,  and  Is  engaged  In  wholesale  and  retail  coal  business  and  is  president  of 
the  Hewltt-Wllcox  Coal  Company,  Auburn,  New  York. 


RISE  OF  EXPOSITION  IDEA 


Rise  of  Exposition  Idea 


THE  prevalence  of  expositions  during  the  last  twenty  years 
has  often  been  attributed  to  the  industrial  growth  and  com- 
mercial expansion  of  the  present  age,  together  with  the 
desire,  in  this  country,  to  celebrate  the  anniversaries  of  historic 
events.  But  while  the  latter  reason  has  often  actuated  the 
fixing  of  dates,  the  idea  of  expositions  is  older  than  the  Christian 
era,  and  has  always  been  firmly  implanted  in  the  human  mind.  It 
has  been  a  great  factor  in  national  development  and  in  promoting 
international  commerce.  The  recurring  Roman  festivals  of  religious 
significance  were  always  accompanied  with  the  exhibition  and  sale 
of  merchandise  and  the  performance  of  plays  and  games.  In  fact, 
the  three  main  divisions  of  an  exposition  of  to-day  —  the  exhibits, 
the  amusements,  and  the  congresses  —  have  their  respective  counter- 
parts in  all  of  the  ancient  fairs  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

The  market-fairs  of  the  Middle  Ages  were  a  continuation  of 
the  same  idea,  and  were  usually  held  under  the  warrant  of  the  lords 
spiritual  or  lords  temporal,  to  whom  a  large  royalty  was  paid  for 
their  protection  and  support.  Some  of  these  fairs  became  famous 
for  their  extent  and  patronage,  such  as  Beaucaire  and  St.  Denis  in 
France,  Leipsic  in  Germany,  and  Southwark  in  England.  The 
regular  recurring  fairs  of  Hurdwar  in  India  and  Nijni-Novgorod  of 
Russia,  were  also  famous  in  drawing  caravans  and  traders  from 
every  country  for  the  barter  and  exchange  of  commodities. 

The  development  of  the  modern  exposition  has  generally  been 
attributed  to  the  genius  of  Napoleon,  who  encouraged  their  frequent 
holding  in  France  for  the  sale  of  French  industrial  and  art  manu- 


10  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

factures.  No  nation  has  held  so  many  fairs  of  national  and  inter- 
national scope  as  France. 

The  first  international  exhibition  proper  was  held  in  the  Crystal 
Palace,  London,  in  1851,  and  is  so  denominated  because  of  the 
official  government  invitation  to  all  civilized  countries  to  participate, 
and  because  of  the  exhibits  Governing  every  phase  of  human  endeavor. 
Eight  others  have  been  held  since  that  time  —  four  in  Paris,  in  1867, 
1878,  1889  and  1900;  one  in  Vienna  in  1873,  and  three  in  the  United 
States  —  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  Chicago  in  1893,  and  St.  Louis  in 
1904.  Invitations  have  also  been  issued  for  one  in  Japan  in  1917. 

The  great  amount  of  time  and  money  required  for  such  inter- 
national, universal  expositions  has  created  a  tendency  to  restrict 
their  scope  in  one  of  two  directions:  either  to  localize  the  participa- 
tion, or  to  specialize  the  nature  of  the  exhibits  to  be  shown.  The 
former  method  is  more  common  in  this  country,  the  latter  in  Europe. 


JOHN  T.  McCALL 
Member  New  York  State  Committee. 


Born  in  New  York  City  in  j 
the  Greater  City  of  New  York, 


Was  fo 
K  the  e 


twelve  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  of 
tire  period  of  which  he  was  Democratic  leader  in  that 


3oard. 


Finance 


Committee,  which  office  entitled  him  to  a  seat  in  the  Sinking  Fund  Commission  of  New  York  City. 
He  resigned  in  July,  1906,  to  enable  him  to  be  a  candidate  at  the  election  in  that  year  for  State 
Senator  from  the  i6th  Senatorial  District,  and  was  successful  by  a  majority  of  12,000.  He  served  on 
the  Committees  on  Banks  and  Public  Health  during  the  years  1007  and  1008,  and  after  the  resignation 
of  Hon.  T.  B.  Dunn,  of  Rochester,  as  a  member  of  the  Seattle  Exposition,  being  delegated  by  the 
President  pro  tern  of  the  Senate,  the  Hon.  John  Raines,  to  visit  Seattle  and  report  as  to  the  advisa- 
bility of  New  York  State  being  represented  at  the  proposed  Exposition.  His  report  was  presented 
to  the  committee,  of  which  the  Hon.  Benj.  M.  Wilcox  was  then  Chairman,  taking  Senator  Dunn's 
place  on  the  Commission,  and  they  unanimously  adopted  Senator  McCalPs  report  that  the  State 
should  be  represented.  He  is  in  the  real  estate  and  insurance  business  at  13  Park  Row,  New  York 
City,  being  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hyman  &  McCall. 


RESUME  OF  SCOPE  AND  OBJECT 


OF  THE 


ALASKA -YUKON -PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 


Resum6  of  Scope  and  Object  of  the 
Alaska-Yukon-Pacific  Exposition 


THE  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  may  be  classified  in  the 
list  of  national  expositions,  such  as  Omaha,  Buffalo,  Port- 
land, etc.,  but  it  included  also  in  its  scope  nations  border- 
ing on  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  therefore  possessed  many  inter- 
national features.  The  holding  of  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposi- 
tion celebrated  no  historic  date,  but  was  purely  a  commercial  and 
business  affair.  Its  inception  was  an  accident. 

At  the  time  of  the  Portland  Exposition,  in  1905,  Governor  Brady 
of  Alaska  had  authorized  Mr.  Godfrey  Chealander  to  collect  an 
Alaska  exhibit  and  forward  it  to  the  Lewis  and  Clark  Exposition; 
but  when  it  became  apparent  that  the  time  was  so  short  that  an 
Alaskan  exhibit  would  practically  amount  to  nothing,  Mr.  Chealander 
wrote  to  the  secretary  of  the  Alaska  Club  in  Seattle  suggesting  that, 
inasmuch  as  nothing  representative  could  be  exhibited  at  Portland, 
that  an  Alaska  Fair  be  held  in  Seattle  in  1907,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Alaska  Club;  that  the  exhibit  be  confined  to  Alaska,  and  be 
placed  in  one  building  of  suitable  capacity;  and  that  the  total  cost 
of  the  exhibit  be  $100,000,  the  money  to  be  subscribed  by  the  busi- 
ness men  of  Seattle. 

This  suggestion  was  taken  up  by  the  newspaper  and  business 
men  of  Seattle,  and  the  more  it  was  discussed,  the  more  it  grew; 
and  in  the  early  part  of  1906  at  a  dinner  to  fifty  of  the  leading  busi- 
ness men  and  bankers  of  the  city  it  was  decided,  by  a  resolution, 
to  hold  an  Alaska- Yukon  Fair  in  Seattle,  and  to  incorporate  an 
exposition  company  with  a  capital  stock  of  $500,000.  It  was  decided 

13 


14  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

that  1907  would  be  too  early  to  hold  such  an  exposition,  and,  as 
1908  was  a  presidential  year,  that  1909  would  be  the  best  selection 
for  the  date  of  holding  it. 

On  May  26,  1906,  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Fair  passed 
the  following  resolution : 

"Resolved,  that  the  scope  of  the  fair  is  to  be  primarily  the 
exploitation  of  Alaska  resources  and  those  of  the  countries  border- 
ing on  the  Pacific  ocean." 

From  this  time,  the  development  of  the  exposition  progressed 
rapidly,  and  the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation  was  oversubscribed 
by  $126,000  on  the  first  day  the  books  opened. 

In  December  of  the  same  year,  supplemental  articles  of  incor- 
poration were  filed,  increasing  the  capital  stock  to  $800,000.  Later 
a  bond  issue  of  $350,000  was  authorized  and  sold  entirely  within 
the  limits  of  the  city  of  Seattle.  It  was  decided  to  open  the  exposi- 
tion on  June  1,  1909,  and  to  close  it  on  October  16th  of  the  same 
year;  and  invitations  for  participation  were  promptly  sent  to  the 
various  States  of  the  United  States  and  to  the  nations  bordering 
upon  the  Pacific  ocean. 


J.  MAYHEW  WAINWRIGHT 

Member  of   New  York  State  Committee. 


Jonathan  Mayhew  Wainwright,  Member  of  Assembly  from  the  Fourth  District  of  Westchester 
County  (now  Senator),  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  1864,  but  has  lived  most  of  his  life  in  the  Town 
of  Rye  in  the  County  of  Westchester.  He  is  a  Republican  and  was  first  elected  to  the  Assembly  in 
1901,  serving  in  that  body  continuously  for  seven  years,  until  his  elevation  to  the  Senate  in  1908. 
He  graduated  from  Columbia  College  and  School  of  Political  Science,  New  York  City,  in  1884,  and 
from  the  Columbia  Law  School  in  1886,  being  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  that  year.  He  was  President  of 
the  Westchester  County  Bar  Association  for  the  years  1904  and  1905.  He  was  for  thirteen  years  an 
officer  of  the  New  York  National  Guard,  being  successively  Lieutenant,  Regimental  Adjutant  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Twelfth  N.  Y.  Infantry.  During  the  war  with  Spain  he  volunteered  and 
served  as  Captain  in  the  Twelfth  New  York  Volunteers.  He  was  Chairman  of  important  committees 
in  the  Assembly,  being  prominently  identified  with  much  of  the  important  measures  of  recent  years, 
and  is  now  Chairman  of  the  State  Commission  on  the  Employers'  Liability  Law,  Unemployment  and 
Lack  of  Farm  Labor.  In  1908  Columbia  University  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts 
for  faithful  public  service. 


INVITATION  TO  STATES  AND  GOVERNMENTS 


JAMES  5.  PARKER 
Member  New  York  State  Committee 


Born  Great  Harrington,  Mass.,  June  3,  1867.  Educated  Cornell  University.  Master  at  St.  Paul 
School,  Concord,  for  several  years.  Resided  at  Salem,  Washington  County,  since  1888,  where  he 
has  been  engaged  in  farming.  Nominated  for  Member  of  Assembly  from  Washington  County  1908, 
serving  continuously  since  that  time.  Chairman  of  Committee  on  Railroads.  Member  of  Commit- 
tees on  Electricity,  Gas  and  Water  Supply,  Labor  and  Industries. 


Invitation  to  States  and  Governments 


THIS  invitation  was  responded  to  very  completely  by  the  States 
west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  but,  for  some  reason,  the 
States  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  failed  to  make  the 
necessary  appropriations,  although  several  seemed  at  one  time 
upon  the  point  of  doing  so.  Finally,  however,  New  York  was 
the  only  State  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  which  had  an  official 
representation  at  the  fair  and  erected  a  building  for  exposition  pur- 
poses. This  was  in  accord  with  New  York's  policy  of  being  repre- 
sented at  all  expositions  held  in  this  country,  and  particularly  appro- 
priate at  an  exposition  held  in  a  city  which  does  over  eight  millions 
dollars  business  annually  with  the  city  of  New  York. 

Japan  and  Canada  were  the  only  foreign  nations  to  be  officially 
represented  at  the  exposition,  although  the  Chinese  Merchants' 
Association  maintained  a  fairly  representative  exhibit.  Italy  and 
France  also  occupied  a  large  space  in  the  foreign  building,  but  their 
exhibits  were  purely  commercial  and  under  the  control  of  com- 
missioners appointed  by  the  exposition  officials.  The  Pacific  de- 
pendencies of  the  United  States,  Alaska,  Hawaii  and  the  Philippines, 
occupied  a  separate  building  each,  with  attractive  and  instructive 
exhibits. 

The  exposition  was  fortunate  in  its  location,  occupying  a  wooded 
slope  covered  with  a  fir  forest  and  bordered  by  Lake  Washington 
on  the  east  and  Lake  Union  on  the  south.  It  covered  an  area 
approximating  250  acres  —  a  part  of  the  campus  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  Washington.  The  scenic  possibilities  inherent  in 
a  site  of  this  nature  were  very  wisely  delegated  by  the  exposition 


18  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

officials  to  Olmsted  Brothers  of  Boston,  and  the  entire  arrangement 
of  the  walks,  gardens,  parks,  and  building  sites  was  left  to  them. 
Another  wise  action  on  the  part  of  the  exposition  was  to  make  John 
Galen  Howard,  of  New  York  and  San  Francisco,  the  consulting 
architect,  and  nothing  was  placed  in  the  grounds  which  did  not 
have  the  approval  of  these  two  eminent  authorities.  The  result 
was  an  exposition  picture  which  has  never  been  surpassed,  and 
the  exposition  will  pass  into  history  as  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
creations  of  artistic  skill.  Chicago  had  its  Court  of  Honor,  Paris 
had  its  Champs  de  Mars,  St.  Louis  had  its  Plaza  Saint  Louis  and 
Cascades;  but  the  Alaska -Yukon -Pacific  Exposition,  while  having  a 
grand  central  Cascade  Court,  carried  out  the  complete  picture  in 
detail  in  its  vistas,  gardens,  terraces  and  wooded  slopes  in  a  manner 
never  before  approached. 

The  educational  value  of  such  an  artistic  gem  can  never  be 
overappreciated  in  its  influence  and  effect  upon  the  people  of  the 
Pacific  coast.  The  buildings  were  thoroughly  in  harmony  with 
the  arrangement  of  the  grounds,  and  seven  of  them  are  permanent 
structures  erected  by  the  State  of  Washington  and  revert  to  the  use 
of  the  University  of  the  State  of  Washington  after  the  close  of  the 
exposition. 

A  detailed  account  of  the  organization  and  management  of  the 
exposition  will  be  found  in  a  subsequent  chapter. 


FRANK  S.  BURZYNSKI 
Member  New  York  State  Committee 


Was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  December  8,  1876.  Attended  a  parochial  school.  At  12  entered 
Canisius  College.  Graduated  from  there,  then  studied  law  in  the  Law  Department  of  the  University 
of  Buffalo.  Graduated  from  it  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  in  1899,  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  the  fol- 
lowing year  and  practiced  law  ever  since.  Served  as  Member  of  Assembly  from  Erie  County  in  the 
years  1905,  1906,  1907  and  1908. 


ACCEPTANCE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE 


Acceptance  of  New  York  State 


THE  invitation  for  New  York  State  to  participate  in  the  exposi- 
tion was  brought  by  Professor  Edmond  S.  Meany,  of  the 
University  of  Washington,  to  the  Legislature  of  1907,  and 
Professor  Meany  was  given  a  hearing  before  the  Finance  Committee 
of  the  Senate  and  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee  of  the  Assembly 
and  presented  forcible  arguments  for  New  York's  participation.  A 
favorable  impression  was  created  in  the  committees  but  nothing 
was  done  at  that  session  of  the  Legislature.  A  year  later,  how- 
ever, during  the  Legislature  of  1908,  an  item  was  inserted  in  the 
Supply  Bill,  Chapter  466,  Laws  of  1908,  authorizing  an  appropria- 
tion of  $75,000  to  cover  the  expenses  of  the  New  York  Building 
and  exhibits.  The  full  text  of  the  item  is  as  follows:  , 

"For  a  state  exhibit  at  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  to 
be  held  at  Seattle,  Washington,  in  the  year  nineteen  hundred  nine, 
seventy-five  thousand  dollars  ($75,000),  or  so  much  thereof  as  may 
be  necessary.  The  temporary  president  of  the  senate  shall  appoint 
two  members  of  the  senate,  and  the  speaker  of  the  assembly  three 
members  of  the  assembly,  who  together  shall  constitute  a  joint 
committee  for  the  purpose  herein  provided.  Such  joint  committee 
shall  elect  a  chairman,  who  shall  be  chief  executive  officer  of  the 
committee,  who  may  appoint  a  secretary,  employ  an  architect  and 
such  clerical  and  other  assistance  and  provide  such  facilities  as  he 
deems  necessary  within  the  appropriation  hereby  made,  but  no 
salaries  or  expenses  shall  be  incurred  for  a  longer  period  than  ninety 
days  after  the  close  of  the  exposition.  Such  secretary  and  employees 
shall  be  deemed  confidential  and  may  be  appointed  and  employed 
without  regard  to  any  competitive  list. 

21 


22  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

"Such  chief  executive  officer  shall  have  charge  of  the  interests 
of  the  state  and  its  citizens  in  the  collection  and  preparation  of  the 
exhibits  for  the  state  at  such  exposition,  including  the  planning  and 
construction  of  a  suitable  building  to  be  known  as  the  New  York 
state  building  and  furnishing  and  maintaining  the  same  as  a  rendez- 
vous for  the  people  of  this  state  and  for  the  display  of  such  exhibits  as 
may  be  made  on  behalf  of  the  state,  and  at  the  close  of  such  expo- 
sition may  dispose  of  such  building  and  the  contents  thereof  with 
the  approval  of  the  committee  as  may  be  deemed  for  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  state.  The  members  of  such  committee  other  than  such 
chief  executive  officer  shall  be  entitled  to  their  personal  expenses 
during  the  period  said  exposition  shall  be  open  not  to  exceed  one 
thousand  dollars  each,  payable  upon  audit  of  the  comptroller  upon 
vouchers  approved  by  such  chief  executive  officer  of  the  committee. 
The  money  hereby  appropriated  shall  be  paid  by  the  treasurer  to  the 
chief  executive  officer  of  the  committee  on  the  warrant  of  the  comp- 
troller issued  from  time  to  time  upon  requisitions  signed  by  such 
chief  executive  officer  and  vouchers  for  the  expenditures  of  all  such 
moneys  shall  be  thereafter  filed  with  the  comptroller. 

"Within  ninety  days  after  the  close  of  the  exposition  such  chief 
executive  officer  shall  make  a  verified  report  to  the  comptroller  of 
the  disbursements  made  by  him,  and  return  to  the  state  treasury  any 
unexpended  balance  of  money  so  drawn  or  which  may  be  received 
upon  the  disposition  of  said  buildings  and  contents;  and  said  com- 
mittee shall  make  a  report  to  the  legislature  next  succeeding  the  close 
of  such  exposition.  No  indebtedness  or  obligation  shall  be  incurred 
under  this  act  in  excess  of  any  appropriation  made,  and  the  com- 
mittee and  such  chief  executive  officer  shall  from  time  to  time,  if 
requested  by  the  governor,  render  reports  to  him  of  their  proceedings 
respectively." 


HOWARD  J.   ROGERS 
Secretary  of  Committee  and  Director  of  Exhibits. 


APPROPRIATION;  NATURE  AND  ORGANIZATION 
OF  COMMITTEE 


Appropriation;  Nature  and  Organization 
of  Committee 


THE   Legislature  of  1909,  upon  the  report  of  the  Chairman  of 
the  Committee,  appropriated  $12,000  additional  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the   exposition,  and  also   reappropriated  an  unex- 
pended balance  of  $18,000  left  over  from  the  Jamestown  Exposition, 
making   a   total   additional    appropriation   of   $30,000.      The    total 
appropriation,  therefore,  for  New  York's  participation  in  the  Alaska- 
Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  was  $105,000. 

It  will  be  noted,  from  an  examination  of  the  clause  in  the  Supply 
Bill,  that  precedent  in  reference  to  the  appointment  of  commissions 
by  the  Governor,  for  control  of  the  exhibit,  was  departed  from, 
and  that  a  legislative  committee  was  provided  for,  of  which  two 
members  were  to  be  from  the  Senate,  appointed  by  the  Temporary 
President  of  the  Senate,  and  three  members  from  the  Assembly 
appointed  by  the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly.  This  committee  was 
empowered  to  elect  a  chairman  from  among  their  number,  who 
should  be  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  in  charge  of  the  expenditure 
of  the  funds  and  all  details  of  the  participation. 

Pursuant  to  the  statute,  the  Temporary  President  of  the  Senate, 
Hon.  John  Raines,  of  Ontario,  appointed  as  the  members  from  the 
Senate  Hon.  Thomas  B.  Dunn,  of  Rochester,  and  Hon.  John  T. 
McCall,  of  New  York  city.  The  Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  Hon. 
James  W.  Wadsworth,  of  Livingston,  appointed  as  members  from  the 
Assembly  Hon.  J.  Mayhew  Wainwright,  of  Westchester,  Hon.  James 
S.  Parker,  of  Washington,  and  Hon.  Frank  S.  Burzynski,  of  Erie. 

25 


26  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

During  the  summer  of  1908  nothing  was  done  in  the  way  of 
organization  or  preparation.  The  Chairman  of  the  Committee, 
Senator  Dunn,  made  a  trip  to  Seattle  to  look  over  the  grounds,  but 
at  the  time  of  his  return  he  was  nominated  for  State  Treasurer 
by  the  Republican  State  Convention  at  Saratoga,  in  September, 
1908,  and  thereupon  presented  his  resignation  as  member  of  the 
Committee. 

There  was  at  this  time  some  doubt  prevalent  in  the  East  as  to 
the  scope  and  extent  of  the  exposition,  and  an  uncertainty  as  to 
whether  it  would  meet  with  success  the  promises  which  had  been  made 
concerning  it.  This  doubt  arose  principally  from  lack  of  exploita- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  exposition  and  from  an  absence  of  any  definite 
knowledge  concerning  the  state  of  its  preparedness,  and  the  extent 
to  which  other  states  and  nations  had  agreed  to  participate.  It 
was,  therefore,  deemed  advisable  to  have  made  a  careful  investiga- 
tion of  the  prospects  of  the  fair  before  proceeding  with  expenditures. 
Accordingly,  in  November,  1908,  Hon.  John  T.  McCall  was  dele- 
gated to  visit  Seattle  and  make  such  investigation  and  report. 

Senator  McCall  made  a  very  complete  and  thorough  report 
upon  the  proposed  exposition,  covering  its  finances,  the  participation 
of  other  states  and  foreign  countries,  transportation  facilities  to  and 
from  the  fair,  the  building  and  landscape  gardening  plans,  and  its 
state  of  preparedness  with  reference  to  the  opening  of  the  exposition. 
He  also  visited  the  capitols  of  several  states  on  his  return  trip,  and 
consulted  with  state  exposition  officials  as  to  their  plans  for  partici- 
pating in  the  exposition.  His  report,  when  submitted  to  the  New 
York  State  Committee,  was  a  thoroughly  satisfactory  warrant  for 
proceeding,  and  no  time  was  lost  in  the  formation  of  plans  of 
procedure. 

Hon.  Benjamin  M.  Wilcox,  of  Auburn,  senator  from  the  forty- 
first  district,  was  appointed  to  membership  in  the  Committee,  in  the 
place  of  Senator  Dunn  resigned,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Committee 
called  at  the  Hotel  Belmont,  in  New  York  city,  December  15,  1908. 
At  this  meeting,  Senator  Wilcox  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  Com- 


APPROPRIATION;  NATURE  AND  ORGANIZATION  OF  COMMITTEE    27 

mittee,  and  Howard  J.  Rogers,  of  Albany,  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  the  Committee  and  Director  of  Exhibits. 

Senator  Wilcox  and  Secretary  Rogers  were  also  authorized  to 
proceed  at  once  to  Seattle,  make  all  arrangements  necessary  for  a 
suitable  building  to  represent  the  State,  and  for  the  exhibits  and  the 
installation  of  such  exhibits  as  it  should  be  decided  to  make. 

The  Chairman  and  Secretary  arrived  in  Seattle  on  December 
30th,  and  spent  the  next  five  days  in  consultation  with  the  exposition 
officials  in  reference  to  the  site  of  the  New  York  State  Building,  and 
in  arranging  the  various  details  regarding  the  erection  of  such  build- 
ing and  the  application  for  exhibits  and  their  installation. 

It  was  found  that  one  of  the  choicest  spaces  on  the  exposition 
grounds  had  been  reserved  for  the  State  of  New  York  and  that, 
owing  to  the  failure  of  one  or  two  eastern  states  to  make  appropria- 
tions, there  was  available  about  this  site  considerable  ground  which 
could  be  used  for  ornamentation  and  serve  to  enhance  the  beauty 
of  the  building  to  be  erected.  A  formal  assignment  was  made  and 
accepted  of  the  entire  triangular  plot  of  ground  north  of  the  Forestry 
Building  and  bounded  by  Seward  Avenue  and  the  Service  Road. 
The  nearest  neighbors  to  New  York  were  the  California  Building 
diagonally  across  Seward  Avenue,  the  Arctic  Brotherhood  Building, 
near  the  point  of  the  triangle.  The  States  of  Washington,  Oregon, 
Utah  and  Idaho  were  located  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 

The  courtesy  extended  to  the  Chairman  and  Secretary  by  the 
officials  of  the  exposition,  and  the  assurances  of  pleasure  at  the 
determination  of  New  York  to  erect  an  adequate  state  building, 
were  extremely  gratifying,  and  on  their  return  to  the  East  prepara- 
tions were  made  for  the  rapid  construction  of  the  building  and  the 
collection  and  installation  of  exhibits. 

The  Executive  Officer  and  the  Secretary  were  met  also  on  this 
trip  by  the  officers  of  the  New  York  State  Society  of  Seattle,  a  flourish- 
ing organization  comprising  nearly  eight  hundred  members.  The 
president  of  the  society,  Mr.  H.  L.  Sizer,  formerly  of  Fonda,  New 
York,  had  taken  great  interest  in  the  appropriation  to  be  made  for 


28  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

the  state's  participation,  and  had  written  and  caused  to  be  written 
many  letters  from  Seattle  to  members  of  the  Legislature.  Senator 
Wilcox  met  the  society  at  a  special  meeting  and  laid  before  them 
the  plans  of  the  New  York  Committee  for  the  participation  of 
the  State  in  the  exposition,  and  assured  them  of  the  gratitude  of 
the  Committee  for  the  hearty  cooperation  which  had  been  offered 
by  the  officers  of  the  society  in  making  the  presence  of  New  York 
at  the  fair  a  success. 

Members  of  the  society,  including  the  officers  and  delegates, 
were  present  at  the  functions  given  by  the  State  at  the  exposition, 
and  materially  assisted  the  Executive  Officer  and  the  hostess  in 
receiving  and  entertaining  guests.  President  Sizer  also  kept  a  close 
watch  of  the  people  who  registered  in  the  New  York  State  Building 
from  New  York  State,  in  order  to  place  at  their  disposal  the  assist- 
ance of  the  society  in  making  their  stay  in  the  city  pleasant. 

The  Committee  and  its  officers  wish  to  make  this  public  acknowl- 
edgement of  their  appreciation  of  the  assistance  rendered  the  Com- 
mittee by  the  New  York  State  Society  of  Seattle  during  the  exposition 
period. 


WILLIAM  CROMWELL  LEHMAN 

Assistant  Secretary  New  York  Committee 


THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  BUILDING 


The  New  York  State  Building 


CLARENCE  E.  LUCE,  of  New  York  city,  was  selected  by 
the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  as  the  architect  of  the 
New  York  State  Building.  Mr.  Luce  had  designed  and 
superintended  the  construction  of  New  York  State  buildings  at  the 
St.  Louis  Exposition,  1904,  the  Portland  Exposition  of  1905,  and 
the  Jamestown  Exposition  of  1907.  Exposition  architecture  is  quite 
a  different  affair  from  the  erection  of  ordinary  buildings,  as  due 
regard  must  be  paid  to  the  temporary  character  of  the  structure, 
to  its  adaptability  for  official  and  social  functions,  and  to  its  con- 
venience for  entertaining  and  making  comfortable  the  citizens  of 
New  York  State  who  may  be  present  during  the  exposition.  Mr. 
Luce's  wide  experience  in  exposition  building,  in  addition  to  his 
high  reputation  as  an  architect  in  general,  made  his  choice  a  fortu- 
nate one,  and  saved  the  Committee  a  great  deal  of  time  and  money 
in  the  preparation  of  plans  and  the  erection  of  the  building. 

It  was  early  decided  by  the  Committee  that  the  New  York 
State  Building  should  be  modeled  after  some  one  of  the  historic 
mansions  of  the  State,  in  order  that  an  added  interest  and  significance 
might  be  given  to  it.  Several  mansions  were  considered,  such  as 
the  Jumel  and  Van  Cortlandt  mansions  of  New  York  city;  but  it 
was  a  happy  suggestion  of  Senator  Wilcox  to  consider  the  home  of 
William  H.  Seward  at  Auburn,  which  led  to  its  immediate  adoption. 
No  character  in  the  history  of  the  United  States  stands  in  higher 
regard  with  the  people  of  the  Northwest  than  New  York's  great 
statesman,  William  H.  Seward,  and  his  prophetic  utterances  at  St. 
Paul,  regarding  the  future  and  development  of  the  Northwest  Terri- 

31 


32  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

tory  and  of  Alaska,  and  his  quick,  decisive  action  in  the  purchase 
of  Alaska  in  1867,  while  Secretary  of  State,  cause  this  section  of  the 
country  to  regard  him  as  the  foremost  statesman  of  his  time.  Con- 
sidering, also,  the  fact  that  Seattle  is  the  commercial,  banking  and 
business  center  for  Alaska's  business,  and  that  the  rapid  growth  and 
development  of  the  city  is  coincident  with  the  discovery  of  gold  in  the 
Yukon  and  Nome  districts  and  with  the  subsequent  development  of 
Alaska,  there  was  peculiar  and  appropriate  significance  in  making  the 
New  York  State  Building  a  replica  of  the  home  of  William  H.  Seward. 

The  Seward  home  is  of  Dutch  Colonial  type,  two  stories  in 
height,  and  the  replica  erected  on  the  exposition  grounds  faithfully 
reproduces  the  details  of  the  exterior  of  the  building.  It  was  neces- 
sary, however,  to  adapt  the  interior  to  exposition  purposes,  and  no 
attempt  was  made  to  follow  the  original  building  in  the  arrangement 
and  disposition  of  rooms.  The  dimensions  of  the  reproduced  build- 
ing are  86J  feet  front  and  36J  feet  side,  surrounded  by  a  porch  12 
feet  wide.  From  the  center  of  the  rear  of  the  building  an  extension 
was  run  back  for  a  banquet  hall;  the  dimensions  of  this  extension 
are  64  feet  depth  and  36  feet  width;  surrounding  the  extension  is 
a  covered  piazza  15  feet  in  width. 

The  banquet  hall  interior  is  48  feet  by  37  feet  and  was  large 
enough  to  contain  the  exhibits  in  wall-cabinets  arranged  on  two 
sides.  The  height  of  the  banquet  hall  is  20  feet  to  the  cornice; 
above  which  is  an  arched  ceiling,  the  highest  point  of  which  is  4  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  cornice. 

One  of  the  features  of  the  building  was  the  monumental  entrance 
hall,  51  feet  in  length  by  15|  feet  in  width,  leading  directly  from  the 
front  of  the  hall  to  the  banquet  hall. 

On  either  side  of  the  main  entrance  hall  were  the  ladies'  recep- 
tion room  and  the  gentlemen's  reception  room,  each  35  feet  by  19 
feet  and  connected  with  the  main  entrance  hall  by  corridors  9J  feet 
in  width;  there  were  also  two  offices,  15  feet  by  12|  feet  in  dimension 
—  one  for  the  Executive  Officer  and  one  for  the  Secretary  —  on 
either  side  of  the  main  entrance  hall. 


MRS.  BENJAMIN  M.  WILCOX 
Hostess  New  York  Building 


THE    NEW  YORK   STATE   BUILDING  33 

The  interior  halls  and  the  banquet  hall  were  finished  in  pure 
colonial  style,  and  received  many  complimentary  notices  during  the 
exposition  period.  The  entire  lower  floor  was  strikingly  well  arranged 
for  entertainment  and  social  purposes  and  highly  satisfactory  to 
the  Committee,  to  the  exposition  and  to  the  visiting  public. 

The  second  floor  of  the  building  was  divided  into  ten  sleeping 
rooms,  with  which  were  connected  five  bath  rooms,  and  were  used 
for  residence  purposes  by  the  Executive  Officer  and  Secretary  and 
by  New  York  State  officials  and  prominent  guests  during  the  exposi- 
tion period.  There  was  also  a  dining  room  for  the  Executive  Officer 
on  this  floor,  and  an  Exposition  Club  room  running  the  entire  length 
of  the  banquet  hall,  where  many  of  the  smaller  luncheons  and  official 
functions  of  the  exposition  were  given  by  the  exposition  officials. 

The  contract  for  the  erection  of  the  building  was  let  by  the 
Executive  Officer  to  the  M.  L.  Ryder  Building  Company,  of  Albany, 
New  York,  for  $27,566.  The  erection  of  the  building  was  under- 
taken, under  the  direction  of  the  Ryder  Building  Company,  by  Phil 
E.  Dunnevant  &  Company,  of  Seattle.  They  began  work  February 
15th,  and  the  building  was  entirely  completed  and  furnished  during 
the  last  week  in  May,  before  the  opening  of  the  exposition. 

The  entire  construction  was  of  the  best  grade  of  Washington 
fir;  and  the  exterior  of  the  building  was  covered  with  staff  painted 
cream  color  in  imitation  of  the  brick  in  the  original  home  of  Seward. 
The  house  was  very  beautifully  furnished  throughout  by  Frederick 
&  Nelson  Company,  of  Seattle,  under  the  direction  of  the  hostess, 
Mrs.  Benjamin  M.  Wilcox.  The  entire  cost  of  the  furniture  and 
furnishings  was  about  $8,000. 

A  feature  of  the  building  was  the  very  complete  restaurant  which 
was  managed  by  Mr.  W.  L.  Patterson,  steward  of  the  Rainier  Club,  of 
Seattle.  It  was  easily  the  finest  restaurant  on  the  grounds;  and  the 
modern  kitchen  which  was  put  in  underneath  the  banquet  hall  made 
it  possible  to  handle  any  function  which  did  not  include  over  two 
hundred  guests.  The  porch  surrounding  the  banquet  hall  made  a 
very  beautiful  and  attractive  open-air  dining  place,  overlooking  Lake 


34  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Washington.  It  was  the  favorite  place  for  luncheons  and  dinners  for 
Seattle  residents  and  for  visitors  during  the  period  of  the  exposition. 

The  exposition  officials  had  made  no  provision  for  a  place  in 
which  to  hold  official  banquets  and  luncheons,  and  an  arrange- 
ment was  made  with  the  New  York  State  Committee  whereby  the 
New  York  Building  was  made  available  for  this  purpose.  The 
building,  therefore,  became  practically  the  official  entertainment 
headquarters  of  the  exposition,  and  proved  to  be  very  well  adapted 
for  this  purpose.  A  list  of  the  functions  held  in  the  building  during 
the  summer  will  be  found  on  pages  39-46. 

The  extra  expenses  connected  with  the  completion  of  the  build- 
ing and  grounds,  such  as  grading,  sodding  and  planting  the  outdoor 
space,  extra  plumbing  and  gas  fitting,  necessary  changes  in  interior 
construction,  etc.,  amounted  to  approximately  $7,000;  making  the 
entire  cost  of  the  building  about  $34,500.  A  detailed  report  of 
expenditures  is  submitted  in  the  last  chapter  of  the  report. 

It  was  found,  upon  examination  by  expert  builders  and  archi- 
tects, that  the  New  York  Building  was  so  well  constructed  that  it  was 
desirable  to  retain  it  as  one  of  the  permanent  buildings  of  the  exposi- 
tion, and  upon  application  by  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  Washington,  the  New  York  Committee  decided  to  turn 
over  the  building  to  the  University  as  a  residence  for  the  president. 
It  was  found  that  by  putting  a  stone  foundation  under  the  main 
part,  replacing  the  staff  on  the  exterior  by  cement  or  by  brick  veneer, 
and  installing  a  heating  plant,  a  commodious  and  appropriate 
official  residence  for  the  University's  president  could  be  had.  This 
arrangement  was  an  advantage  to  New  York  State,  inasmuch  as 
it  would  have  been  incumbent  on  the  Committee,  under  their  con- 
tract with  the  exposition  authorities,  to  have  razed  the  building 
and  restored  the  ground  to  its  former  condition.  This  could  not 
have  been  done  under  an  expense  of  several  thousand  dollars.  The 
donation  of  the  building,  therefore,  to  the  University  was  a  distinct 
financial  advantage  to  both  sides,  apart  from  the  sentimental  and 
historic  value  of  the  gift. 


NATURE  OF  EXHIBITS 


THE  LATE  SENATOR  JOHN  RAINES 

President  pro  tem  of  New  York  State  Senate,  who  Appointed  Senate  Members 
of  the  New  York  Committee  to  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition. 


Nature  of  Exhibits 


IT  was  early  decided  by  the  Committee  that  it  was  useless,  with 
the  time  and  money  at  its  disposal,  to  attempt  a  large  exhibit 
in  each  of  the  main  buildings  of  the  exposition  classifications. 
Neither  of  the  reasons  above  mentioned  permitted  the  installation 
of  an  exhibit  in  agriculture,  forestry  or  mining  which  would  be 
commensurate  with  the  resources  of  New  York  and  the  dignity  of 
the  State.  While  New  York  could  easily  have  stood  first  in  such 
features  as  manufactures  and  machinery,  time  for  the  collection  and 
installation  of  such  bulky  exhibits,  and  the  excessive  freight  rates, 
rendered  it  practically  impossible.  It  was  determined,  therefore, 
that  in  addition  to  the  building  designed  as  a  home  and  reception 
place  for  New  York  visitors,  the  energies  of  the  New  York  Com- 
mittee be  devoted  to  promoting  the  social  features  of  the  exposition 
and  representing  the  governmental  activities  of  the  State. 

A  particular  feature  was  made  of  the  exhibit  of  the  transporta- 
tion system  of  the  State  of  New  York,  as  being  particularly  appro- 
priate for  a  western  exposition,  inasmuch  as  the  products  of  the 
West  must  be  carried  by  rail  and  water  to  the  great  shipping  port 
of  the  country,  New  York  city.  The  New  York  Central  and  Hudson 
River  Railroad  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  systems,  which  are 
the  great  western  feeders  to  New  York  city,  both  made  interesting 
photographic  and  statistical  exhibits  of  their  connecting  lines,  ton- 
nage, administration,  rolling  stock,  general  equipment  and  the 
terminal  facilities  in  New  York  city  now  under  process  of  construc- 
tion. The  New  York  State  Engineer  and  Surveyor's  Department 
had  an  interesting  exhibit  of  the  Barge  Canal,  showing  by  photo- 

37 


38  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

graphs,  maps  and  statistics  the  enlargement  of  the  canal  now  under 
way  and  its  probable  effect  upon  the  carrying  trade  of  the  West. 
The  Good  Roads  Commission  of  New  York  State  made  a  valuable 
exhibit  of  road-making  processes,  machinery,  mileage  completed  and 
under  construction,  in  the  form  of  photographs,  maps,  statistics  and 
models.  Supplementary  to  these  exhibits  were  two  from  New  York 
city,  one  representing  the  Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Company, 
demonstrating  the  extent  and  nature  of  the  subway  and  rapid  transit 
facilities  in  Greater  New  York,  and  the  other  of  the  New  York  City 
Dock  Department,  with  a  view,  particularly,  of  showing  the  facili- 
ties for  handling  trans-Atlantic  and  coast  commerce  in  that  port. 

The  Forest,  Fish  and  Game  Department  of  New  York  State 
gave  an  interesting  exhibit  of  its  forestry  and  preservation  methods 
which  was  peculiarly  attractive  in  a  country  where  these  topics  are 
under  constant  consideration. 

Supplementing  this  State  exhibit,  the  Committee  also  had  an 
exhibit  prepared  by  Romeyn  B.  Hough,  of  Lowville,  N.  Y.,  show- 
ing photographs  and  cross  sections  of  ninety-six  of  the  principal 
trees  of  the  State  of  New  York.  This  was  undoubtedly  the  most 
scientific  exhibit  in  forestry  at  the  exposition,  and  attracted  very 
wide  attention. 

An  exhibit  which  created  much  favorable  comment  was  made 
by  photographs  of  historic  buildings  and  scenes  in  New  York  State. 
It  was  photographic  in  nature  and  included  buildings  and  scenes 
along  the  Hudson  which  figured  in  the  colonial  and  revolutionary 
period  —  such  as  the  Fraunces  Tavern,  Jumel  and  Van  Cortlandt 
mansions,  battlefields  of  Harlem  Heights  and  White  Plains,  the 
treason  house  at  Haverstraw,  West  Point  chain,  battlefields  and 
monuments  in  and  around  Saratoga,  and  the  Champlain  region  and 
others  extending  as  far  as  the  Mohawk  valley  and  Oriskany.  These 
photographs  were  especially  made  for  the  exhibit  and  were  excellent 
in  detail  and  subject. 

Supplementing  this  was  another  exhibit  of  the  natural  scenic 
beauty  of  New  York  State,  including  views  from  New  York  Harbor 


NATURE    OF    EXHIBITS  39 

and  Long  Island,  the  Hudson  River  and  Champlain  region,  Mohawk 
and  Central  Valley  region,  the  Adirondacks  and  Thousand  Islands, 
and  Niagara. 

Another  exhibit  which  attracted  much  favorable  comment  was 
a  photographic  exhibit  of  typical  industries  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  including  such  well-known  companies  as  the  General  Electric 
Company,  of  Schenectady,  Eastman  Kodak  Company,  of  Rochester, 
the  Larkin  Soap  Company,  of  Buffalo,  and  the  Shredded  Wheat 
Company,  of  Niagara  Falls.  Many  other  industries  were  also 
included  in  this  representation. 

Adorning  the  walls  of  the  reception  rooms  and  the  banquet 
hall  were  large  bromide  representations  of  natural  scenery  views  in 
New  York  State,  which  easily  surpassed  any  exhibit  of  its  kind  on 
the  grounds,  and  received  a  gold  medal  from  the  jury  of  awards. 
Upon  the  walls  of  the  main  entrance  hall  were  hung  pictures  of  the 
Governor  and  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State,  the  President  of 
the  Senate,  the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  and  the  President  and  the 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States.  Supplementing  these  was  a 
full-length  portrait  of  William  H.  Seward,  taken  at  the  time  when 
he  was  Governor  of  the  State;  and  also  a  steel  engraving  of  Lelitz's 
famous  painting  of  the  signing  of  the  treaty  between  the  United 
States  and  Russia,  ceding  Alaska  to  the  United  States.  These 
pictures  were  sent  to  the  Committee  for  use  in  the  building,  by  the 
courtesy  of  General  William  H.  Seward,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  and 
at  the  close  of  the  exposition  were  turned  over  to  Mr.  Manson  F. 
Backus,  of  Seattle,  a  former  resident  of  New  York  State,  to  be  held 
by  him  until  such  time  as  there  shall  be  erected  a  capitol  building 
for  Alaska,  in  Juneau,  when  they  are  to  be  presented  to  Alaska. 

Small  photographic  exhibits  were  also  made  by  the  Lunacy 
Commission  and  by  the  Prison  Department  of  the  State,  but  these 
were  not  extensive  enough  to  bring  to  the  attention  of  the  jury  of 
awards. 

The  New  York  Committee  were  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of 
Stein  way  &  Sons,  New  York  city,  for  the  exhibit  and  use  of  a  grand 


40  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

piano,  which  was  placed  in  the  women's  reception  room.  This 
piano  was  not  entered  for  award,  as  it  is  contrary  to  the  policy  of 
the  house,  whose  instruments  have  been  hors  concours  at  all  recent 
expositions.  The  Committee  was  similarly  under  obligations  to 
the  Wegman  Piano  Company,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  who  sent,  for  the 
furnishing  of  the  men's  reception  room,  an  upright  piano  of  their 
manufacture. 

Many  of  the  exhibits  attracted  so  much  attention  as  to  be 
solicited  by  other  States  and  foreign  governments,  and  it  was  deter- 
mined by  the  Committee  to  present  to  the  Japanese  government  the 
exhibit  of  forestry  and  the  photographic  exhibit  of  the  Good  Roads 
Commission  of  the  State  of  New  York.  The  latter  exhibit  was 
turned  over  to  the  Japanese  commission  with  the  approval  of  the 
Hon.  S.  Percy  Hooker,  Chairman  of  the  Good  Roads  Commission. 
To  the  Museum  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  Washington  was 
presented  the  New  York  historic  exhibit,  the  New  York  scenic 
exhibit,  the  exhibit  of  typical  industries,  the  Interborough  Rapid 
Transit  exhibit  and  the  exhibit  of  the  New  York  City  Dock 
Department. 

In  the  various  buildings  of  the  exposition  were  installed  many 
manufacturing  and  mercantile  exhibits  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
in  accordance  with  the  classification  of  the  exposition.  These 
exhibits  were,  however,  made  at  the  expense  and  under  the  control 
of  the  exhibitors  themselves. 


HON.  JAMES  W.  WADSWORTH,  JR. 

Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  who  Appointed  the  Assembly  Members  of 
the  New  York  Committee  to  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition. 


LIST  OF  AWARDS 


HON.   J.  E.  CHILBERG 
President  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition 


List  of  Awards 


A  FULL  list  of  the   exhibits  from  the  State  of  New  York, 
together  with  the  awards  granted  each  by  the  international 
jury,  is  herewith  appended.     The  list  is  highly  creditable 
to  the  State,  and  the  grade  of  awards  received  by  New  York   is 
thoroughly  satisfactory  and  indicates  the  high  character  and  excel- 
lence of  the  exhibits.     New  York  received  in  all  departments: 
Sixty-six  grand  prizes  (66). 
Twenty-four  gold  medals  (24). 
Seven  silver  medals  (7). 
One  bronze  medal  (1). 
One  honorable  mention  (1). 

.      New  York  State  Building 

New  York  State  Committee: 

General    installation    and    arrangement    of 

exhibits Grand  prize. 

New    York    State     Engineer     and     Surveyor's 

Department : 
Statistics,    maps,    charts,    photographs    of 

Barge  canal Grand  prize. 

New  York  State  Forest,  Fish  and  Game  Com- 
mission : 
Photographs    of    Adirondacks    and    forest 

culture  and  preservation Silver  medal. 

Distinctive  trees  of  New  York Grand  prize. 

43 


44  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Homey n  B.  Hough,  through  New  York  State 

Committee : 

Cabinets  showing  tree,  bark,  leaf  and  sec- 
tions of  common  trees  of  the  State Grand  prize. 

New  York  State  Good  Roads  Commission: 

Statistics,  maps,  models  and  photographs. .    Gold  medal. 
New  York  State  Historical  Exhibit: 

Views  of  noted  historic  places  and  buildings.  Gold  medal. 
New  York  State  Scenic  Exhibit: 

Bromide  enlargements  of  views  of  natural 

scenery  and  photographs Gold  medal. 

New    York    State    Typical    Industries: 

Photographs  of  famous  industries Silver  medal. 

New    York    City    Department    of    Docks    and 

Ferries : 

Maps,  charts,  statistics  and  photographs. . .    Gold  medal. 
Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Company : 

Maps,  charts  and  printed  matter  and  photo- 
graphs      Gold  medal. 

New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railroad : 

Maps,  statistics,  folders  and  photographs .  .    Gold  medal. 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company: 

Maps,  statistics,  folders  and  photographs.  .    Gold  medal. 
Wegman  Piano  Company,  Auburn,  N.  Y Silver  medal. 

Manufacturers'   Building 

Frank  L.  Churchill,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.: 

Ideal  toilet  ventilator Gold  medal. 

W.  F.  Wheeler,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.: 

Exhibit  of  modern  inventions Silver  medal. 

C.  R.  Shefer,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.: 

Pocket  fastener Honorable  mention. 

Myers  Track  Tool  Company,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. . . .    Gold  medal. 


LIST    OF    AWARDS  45 

U.  S.  Automatic  Vending  Company,  New  York: 

Automatic  stamp  vending  machine Grand  prize. 

American  Thermos  Bottle  Company,  New  York 

city 5  grand  prizes. 

Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  New  York  city: 

(1)  The  New  International  Encyclopaedia, 
complete    in    20    volumes,    revised    with 
International  Year  Book  to  date  of  pub- 
lication     Grand  prize. 

(2)  Helmolt's  History  of  the  World,  a  sur- 
vey of  man's  record  (8  volumes) Gold  medal. 

W.  &  L.  E.  Gurley,  Troy,  N.  Y.: 

Engineers  and  surveyors'  instruments,  sci- 
entific and  laboratory  apparatus,  standard 

weights  and  measures Grand  prize. 

International  Time  Recording  Company,  Endi- 

cott,  N.  Y.: 

International  Rochester  card  time  recorders, 
payroll    time-keeping    and    cost-keeping 
systems  for  offices,  stores  and  factories .  .   2  grand  prizes. 
Keuffel   &  Esser  Company,  New  York: 

Surveying  and  mathematical  instruments .  .    Grand  prize. 
Otis  Elevator  Company,  New  York: 

One  traction  elevator Grand  prize. 

Scientific   American    Compiling    Department, 
New  York: 

The  "Americana" Gold  medal. 

Singer  Sewing  Machine  Company,  149  Broad- 
way, New  York  city: 
Oscillating   shuttle   lock   stitch   machine 

No.  15 Grand  prize. 

Oscillating  hook  No.  66  machine Grand  prize. 

Singer  automatic  machine   No.   24    (chain 

stitch) Grand  prize. 


46  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Vibrating    shuttle,    lock    stitch,    No.    27-4 

machine Gold  medal. 

N-U-Way  stocking  darner Grand  prize. 

Auto-Piano  Company,  New  York Grand  prize. 

Columbian  Phonograph  Company,  New  York.  .    Grand  prize. 
M.  Welte  &  Sons,  New  York: 

Piano  player Grand  prize. 

Engelhart  &  Sons,  New  York: 

Peerless  Electric  Piano Grand  prize. 

Decker  &  Sons,  New  York: 

Pianos Gold  medal. 

Marshall  &  Wendell,  East  Rochester,  N.  Y.: 

Pianos Silver  medal. 

The  Chas.  Wilder  Company,  Troy,  N.  Y.: 

Household,    incubator,    office    and    retort 

thermometers Grand  prize. 

Chautauqua  Society,  Chautauqua,  N.  Y. : 

Books,   pamphlets   and   educational   litera- 
ture    Not  before  jury. 

Kny-Scherer  Company,  New  York: 

Surgical  instruments Grand  prize. 

Agricultural  Building 

The    Genesee   Pure   Food    Company,    Le  Roy, 
N.  Y.: 

Jell-O,  the  dainty  dessert Grand  prize. 

James  Pyle   &  Sons,  New  York  city  and  Edge- 
water,  N.  Y. : 

Pearline  (soap  powder) Gold  medal. 

Radio  Telephone  Company,  49  Exchange  place, 

New  York  city : 
Wireless  telephones  and  sparkless  wireless 

telegraph Gold  medal. 


LIST   OF    AWARDS  47 

The  Shredded  Wheat  Company,  Niagara  Falls, 

N.  Y.: 
Miniature    factory    for    making    Shredded 

Whole  Wheat  Biscuit  and  Triscuit Grand  prize. 

Welch  Grape  Juice  Company,  Westfield,  N.  Y. : 

Grape  juice Grand  prize. 

Machinery  Building 

Buffalo    Gasoline    Motor    Company,    Buffalo, 

N.  Y.: 

Two  horse-power  engine  lighting  plant; 
6  horse-power  stationary  engine;  marine 
engines,  3,  12,  15,  36  and  50  horse  power.  Gold  medal. 

The    Cameron    Steam    Pump    Company,    New 

York: 
Mine    station    and    singing    high-pressure 

steam  pumps Bronze  medal. 

Clark  Bros.  Company,  Belmont,  N.  Y. : 

Band   mill,   saw-mill   carriage,   edger,   lath 

machinery  (2),  steam  feed 5  grand  prizes. 

Live  rolls 1  gold  medal. 

Utica  Drop  Forge  and  Tool  Company Gold  medal. 

General  Electric  Company,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. : 
Apparatus  for  cooking  by  electricity;  appa- 
ratus for  heating  by  electricity;  motor 
generators;  mine  locomotives;  rheostats; 
automatic  motor  starters;  circuit  break- 
ers; switches;  lightning  arresters;  bonds; 
incandescent  lamps;  arc  lamps;  sockets; 
cutouts;  cabinets;  wiring  devices;  indi- 
cating instruments;  integrating  instru- 
ments; recording  instruments;  motors  for 
direct  current;  motors  for  alternating  cur- 


48  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

rent;   insulated   wires;   insulated   cables; 
rectifiers     (mercury    arc);    transformers; 

fans;  superior  installation 27  grand  prizes. 

A.  Schrader's  Son,  Inc.,  New  York: 

Diving  apparatus,  etc Grand  prize. 

Exhibits  on  the  Grounds 

American  Locomotive  Company,  New  York  city: 
Logging      locomotive,     contractor's     loco- 
tive,  steam  shovel,  trolley  trucks,  rotary 
snow  plow Grand  prize. 

Landscape  Department 

Arthur  Cowee,  Berlin,  N.  Y.: 

Gladioli Gold  medal. 

Mines  Building 

The  Mining  Supply  Company,  New  York  city: 

Jackson  hand-power  rock  drills  in  operation.  Gold  medal. 

Swedish  Iron  and  Steel  Corporation,  New  York 

city: 
Anvils;  tool,  drill  and  high-speed  steel Grand  prize. 

Foreign  Building 

E.  Comely,  711  Broadway,  New  York: 

Embroidery  machines Gold  medal. 

Oriental  Building 

Fucigna's  Studio,  New  York: 

Marbles Grand  prize. 

M.Tozzi,  New  York: 

Oil  paintings Silver  medal. 


HON.   I.   A.  NADEAU 
Director-General  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific   Exposition 


LIST    OF   AWARDS  49 

A.  Villoresi,  Milan  and  New  York: 

Carved  and  artistic  furniture Gold  medal. 

De  Caro,  New  York: 

Decorations Gold  medal. 

Prof.  D'Alessio,  New  York: 

Patented  chart  for  cutting  clothing Silver  medal. 

Ceribelli  &  Co.,  New  York: 

Wines  and  liquors Gold  medal. 

De  Laval  Separator  Company,  New  York  city: 

Cream  separators Grand  prize. 

The  New  York  State  Committee  also  wish  to  express  publicly 
their  appreciation  of  the  courtesy  of  the  management  of  the  following 
newspapers  who  sent  copies  of  their  publications  regularly  for  the 
files  of  the  reading-room  of  the  New  York  State  Building: 

Albany  Journal. 

Auburn  Daily  Advertiser. 

Auburn  Citizen. 

Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle. 

Buffalo  Evening  News. 

Gloversville  Leader. 

New  York  American. 

New  York  Evening  Post. 

New  York  Herald. 

New  York  Morning  Telegraph. 

New  York  Tribune. 

Norwich  Sun. 

Rochester  Post-Express. 

Rochester  Evening  Times. 

Daily  Saratogian. 

Syracuse  Herald. 

Syracuse  Post-Standard. 

Troy  Record. 

Utica  Daily  Press. 


PERSONNEL  OF  THE  STAFF 


MR.  CLARENCE  LUCE 

Architect  New  York  Building. 


Personnel  of  the  Staff 


THE   persons   connected   with  the   New   York   State   Building 
during  the  period  of  the  exposition  were  as  follows: 
The  hostess  of  the  building  was  Mrs.  Benjamin  M.  Wil- 
cox,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.     As    stated    previously,    Mrs.  Wilcox  had 
charge  of  the   furnishing   and  decoration   of  the  building  on  both 
floors,  and  the  credit  for  the  luxurious  furnishings  and  their  artistic 
arrangement  is   due   to   her.      Mrs.  Wilcox  also  presided  over  the 
official  functions  given  by  the  State  and  over  many  private  entertain- 
ments given  by  the  Executive  Officer  and  the  hostess. 

The  matron  of  the  building  was  Mrs.  William  H.  Van  Antwerp, 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  who  together  with  Mrs.  Wilcox  looked  after  the 
details  of  the  running  of  the  building  and  the  entertainment  and  care 
of  New  York  visitors  and  friends  during  their  stay  at  the  exposition. 

In  February,  1909,  Mr.  William  Cromwell  Lehman  was 
appointed  assistant  secretary,  a  position  which  he  filled  with  credit 
until  the  close  of  the  exposition. 

Mr.  Garfield  Prindle,  of  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  was  made  superin- 
tendent of  the  building,  and  Mr.  D.  Y.  Bray,  of  Union  Springs, 
N.  Y.,  assistant  superintendent. 

The  following  attendants,  whose  duties  were  general,  were  also 
appointed  for  the  period  of  the  exposition:  Mr.  William  C.  Edmons- 
ton,  of  Phelps,  N.  Y.;  Dr.  Howard  McClellan,  Salem,  N.  Y.;  Mr. 
Edward  S.  Donovan,  New  York  city. 

Mr.  J.  Lewis  Grant,  of  Auburn,  was  appointed  bookkeeper  for 
the  Committee,  but  resigned  shortly  after  the  exposition  opened,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Miss  Barbara  Applegate,  of  Seattle. 


53 


54  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

During  the  crowded  portion  of  the  exposition,  in  July  and 
August,  Mr.  Charles  G.  Lewis  and  Mr.  Leverett  S.  Lewis,  Jr.,  of 
Auburn,  and  Mr.  Edwin  J.  Rogers,  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  were  appointed 
pages. 

Mr.  George  F.  Bard,  of  Syracuse,  held  the  position  of  night 
watchman  during  the  entire  exposition  period. 


ATTENDANCE 


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Attendance 


THE  attendance  at  the  exposition  from  the  East  and  Central 
West  was  one  of  the  great  surprises  of  the  summer.  During 
the  entire  tourist  season,  the  transcontinental  trains  were 
crowded  to  their  utmost  capacity,  and  the  resources  of  the  railroads 
were  taxed  almost  to  the  breaking  point  to  provide  extra  trains 
and  sections  for  carrying  the  traffic.  Some  part  of  this  large 
attendance  was  undoubtedly  due  to  the  many  large  conventions 
which  were  held  in  the  western  section  of  the  country  during 
the  summer  of  1909,  whose  itinerary  included  Seattle,  either  on 
the  going  or  return  trip.  Prominent  among  these  conventions 
were:  The  National  Education  Association,  at  Denver;  the  Elks 
and  National  Guard  Association  of  the  United  States,  at  Los 
Angeles,  and  many  smaller  conventions  held  in  Seattle  itself  and 
other  western  cities. 

In  addition  to  the  impetus  given  to  travel  by  these  conventions, 
the  regular  tourist  trade  of  1909  seemed  unusually  large,  as  proven 
both  by  the  exposition  records  of  attendance  and  by  the  railway 
passenger  records. 

There  were  registered  in  the  New  York  State  Building  during 
the  four  and  a  half  months  period  of  the  exposition  over  7,500  resi- 
dents of  New  York  State.  Undoubtedly,  many  hundreds  passed 
through  the  city  without  taking  the  trouble  to  report  at  the  New 
York  State  Building  or  to  register  there;  but  the  authentic  record 
which  the  Committee  has  is  evidence  of  the  magnificent  attendance 
of  the  Empire  State  at  the  Seattle  exposition,  and  was  a  subject  of 
gratifying  comment  on  the  part  of  the  exposition  authorities. 

57 


58  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Among  the  prominent  visitors  from  New  York  State  at  the 
New  York  State  Building  during  the  exposition  period  were: 

Governor  Charles  E.  Hughes  and  his  military  secretary,  Col. 
George  Curtiss  Treadwell;  Chief  Judge  Edgar  M.  Cullen,  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals;  Hon.  J.  May  hew  Wainwright,  senator  from  West- 
chester  and  member  of  the  Exposition  Committee;  Hon.  James  S. 
Parker,  of  Washington,  member  of  the  Assembly  and  member  of 
the  Exposition  Committee;  Hon.  Thomas  E.  Finegan,  Assistant 
Commissioner  of  Education  of  the  State  of  New  York;  Hon.  William 
J.  Tully,  ex-senator  from  Steuben,  attorney  for  the  Association  of 
Life  Insurance  Presidents,  New  York  city;  General  William  H. 
Seward  and  William  H.  Seward,  Jr.,  of  Auburn;  Congressman 
George  W.  Fairchild,  of  Oneonta;  Congressman  William  Sulzer, 
New  York  city;  Congressman  Joseph  Goulden,  of  Brooklyn;  Hon. 
William  E.  Vorst,  of  Amsterdam;  Hon.  William  E.  Dickey  and 
Joseph  M.  Dickey,  of  Newburgh;  Judge  R.  F.  Thompson,  Canan- 
daigua;  Hon.  Lafayette  B.  Gleason,  Clerk  of  the  Senate;  Hon.  J. 
Henry  Walters,  of  Syracuse;  Hon.  Raymond  A.  Pearson,  State 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture;  Judge  John  D.  Teller,  of  Auburn; 
Warden  Frost,  of  Sing  Sing;  Warden  Cole,  of  Dannemora;  Professor 
Landrith,  of  Union  University;  Mr.  Haley  Fiske,  president  of  Metro- 
politan Life  Insurance  Company,  New  York  city;  George  W.  Per- 
kins, of  J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co.;  John  Hays  Hammond,  of  New  York 
city;  Elbert  Hubbard,  East  Aurora,  N.  Y.;  J.  W.  Burdick,  Albany, 
N.  Y.;  Dr.  John  Gerin,  Auburn,  N.  Y.;  John  D.  Murray,  Auburn, 
N.  Y.;  John  Meyer,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

President  William  H.  Taft  was  a  guest  at  New  York  State 
Building  on  September  30th,  and  after  the  official  luncheon  tendered 
him  in  the  building  held  a  reception,  and  afterward  retired  for  two 
hours  for  rest  in  one  of  the  upper  rooms  of  the  building.  Mr.  Taft 
registered  in  the  New  York  State  register  with  the  following  inscrip- 
tion: "I  am  grateful  to  New  York  for  its  imperial  hospitality." 

The  New  York  Building  was  also  the  scene  of  many  State 
reunions  and  receptions,  inasmuch  as  none  of  the  States  east  of  the 


ATTENDANCE  59 

Rocky  Mountains  except  New  York  had  a  building  on  the  grounds. 
Prominent  among  these  days  were: 

New  Jersey  Day,  July  29th;  West  Virginia  Day,  August  1st; 
Pennsylvania  Day,  August  16th;  Nebraska  Day,  August  17th; 
Maryland  Day,  August  26th;  Wisconsin  Day,  September  1st;  New 
England  Day,  September  llth;  Ohio  Day,  October  5th. 

One  of  the  most  notable  days  was  Brooklyn  Day,  at  which  were 
in  attendance  a  delegation  of  nearly  one  hundred  Brooklyn  people 
sent  out  under  the  auspices  of  the  Brooklyn  Eagle  Excursion  Bureau. 
Addresses  were  made  by  Mr.  Levy,  representing  Borough  President 
Bird  S.  Coler;  address  of  welcome  to  the  Brooklyn  people  by  Director- 
General  Nadeau,  and  response  by  W.  I.  Comes,  of  Brooklyn.  The 
courtesies  of  the  building  were  extended  to  the  Brooklyn  delegation 
by  Chairman  Wilcox. 


LIST  OF  STATE  AND  GENERAL  FUNCTIONS 


List  of  State  and  General  Functions 


THE  principal  functions  given  under  the  auspices  of  the  New 
York  State  Committee  during  the  exposition  period  were 
the  banquet  to  President  Chilberg  and  the  exposition  officials 
on  Friday,  June  llth,  at  which  eighty  ladies  and  gentlemen  were 
present.  The  dinner  was  presided  over  by  Executive  Officer  Mr. 
Wilcox  and  Mrs.  Wilcox  as  hostess,  with  the  president  of  the 
exposition,  Mr.  J.  A.  Chilberg,  and  Mrs.  Chilberg  as  the  guests  of 
honor.  It  was  one  of  the  most  successful  dinners  of  the  entire 
exposition  season,  and  the  table  and  other  decorations  were  extremely 
attractive  and  artistic  in  style.  The  principal  after-dinner  speeches 
were  made  by  Senator  Wilcox,  President  Chilberg,  Vice-president 
McGraw,  Judge  Burke  and  Mr.  Josiah  Collins. 

On  June  22d  a  luncheon  was  given  by  Chairman  Wilcox  to 
the  members  of  the  Executive  Commissioners  Association  of  the 
exposition,  twenty-five  in  number,  in  the  Exposition  Club  room. 

On  Monday,  June  28th,  a  luncheon  was  given  by  Mrs.  Wil- 
cox, the  hostess,  to  the  wives  of  the  members  of  the  Bankers 
Association. 

On  Monday,  August  2d  • —  New  York  Day  —  a  luncheon  was 
given  by  the  Executive  Officer  in  honor  of  Governor  Charles  E. 
Hughes  in  the  Exposition  Club  room.  There  were  present  also  at 
this  luncheon  Governor  John  A.  Johnson,  of  Minnesota;  Gover- 
nor M.  E.  Hay,  of  Washington,  and  Governor  Glasscock,  of  West 
Virginia. 

On  Friday,  September  10th,  a  luncheon  was  given  by  the 
Executive  Officer  in  honor  of  General  William  H.  Seward  and  his 

63 


64  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

son,  of  Auburn,  who  had  arrived  to  take  part  in  the  unveiling  of  the 
Seward  statue.  This  luncheon  was  given  in  the  Exposition  Club 
room,  and  about  thirty  of  the  prominent  exposition  officials  and 
Seattle  public  men  were  present.  In  the  evening  of  the  same  day 
a  banquet  was  given  by  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  in  honor  of 
General  Seward,  to  which  eighty  invitations  were  issued.  A  descrip- 
tion of  this  banquet  is  given  in  full  in  the  chapter  entitled  "Seward 
Day." 

On  Monday,  September  13th,  a  luncheon  was  given  to  the 
Hostesses  Association  of  the  exposition,  by  the  hostess  of  the  New 
York  State  Building,  Mrs.  Benjamin  M.  Wilcox,  at  which  about 
eighty  persons  were  present. 

As  previously  stated,  the  New  York  State  Building  was  the 
official  place  of  entertainment  for  the  exposition,  and  practically  all 
of  the  functions  given  were  held  in  the  New  York  Building,  with  the 
exception  of  two  or  three  where  the  numbers  were  so  large  as  to 
make  it  inconvenient.  A  full  list  of  these  functions  is  given,  but 
the  more  notable  were: 

Opening  Day  luncheon  and  banquet,  on  the  afternoon  and 
evening  of  June  1st. 

Luncheon  to  Ambassador  Jusserand  of  France,  on  June  14th. 

Banquet  to  the  Bankers  Association  on  June  26th. 

Japanese  Commissioners  Banquet,  on  July  20th. 

Luncheon  to  Baron  Takahira,  Japanese  representative,  on 
August  16th. 

Dinner  to  Governor  Hughes,  of  New  York,  on  the  evening  of 
August  2d.  For  full  description  see  chapter  entitled 
"New  York  Day." 

Dinner  to  five  visiting  Governors  on  August  17th. 

Luncheon  to  President  William  H.  Taft  on  Thursday,  Sep- 
tember 30th. 


LIST    OF    STATE    AND    GENERAL    FUNCTIONS  65 

List  of  Functions  Held  in  the  New  York  State  Building 

JUNE  1  — 

Opening  Day  luncheon,  given  by  Exposition  officials,  12:30  to 

2  p.  M.  (600  present). 
Opening  Day  banquet,  given  by  Exposition  officials,  8-11  p.  M. 

(275  present). 
JUNE  5  — 

Dinner  by  President  Chilberg  to  Colonel  Dyer  and  army  officers. 
JUNE  7  - 

Luncheon    to    Chicago    Association    of    Commerce,    given    by 

Exposition  officials  (80  present). 
JUNE  8  — 

Luncheon  by  Mrs.  Wilcox,  hostess,  to  Mayor  Rose,  of  Milwaukee. 
JUNE  9  — 

Luncheon  to  Catholic  Order  of  Foresters  by  Exposition  officials 

(60  present). 
JUNE  11  - 

Official    dinner    to   Exposition    officials   given   by   New   York 

Committee  (80  present). 
Luncheon    to    Yakima    County    visitors    and    commission    by 

Exposition  officials  (40  present). 
JUNE  12  - 

Luncheon  given  by  Exposition  officials  to  the  Mayor  of  Van- 
couver and  delegates  (40  present). 
JUNE  14  — 

Luncheon  given  by  Exposition  officials  to  Ambassador  Jusserand 

of  France  (40  present). 
JUNE  15  — 

Luncheon  given  by  Exposition  officials  to  California  delegation 

(200  present). 
JUNE  16  — 

Dinner  to   California  Promotion  Committee  given  by  Seattle 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  A.  Y.  P.  E.  (150  present). 


66  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

JUNE  22  - 

Luncheon    given    by    New    York    Committee    to    members    of 

Executive  Commissioners  Association  (25  present). 
JUNE  26  - 

Banquet  given  by  Exposition  officials  to    Bankers  Association 

of  Washington,  Oregon  and  Idaho  (254  present). 
JUNE  28  - 

Luncheon  by  Mrs.  Wilcox  to  wives   of  members  of    Bankers 

Association. 
JUNE  29  - 

Banquet  by  Exposition  officials  to  crews  of  Ford  cars  1  and  2, 
Shawmut  and  Acme,  of  New  York-Seattle  race  and  pre- 
sentation of  Guggenheim  cup  by  Mr.  Robert  Guggenheim. 
JULY  3  - 

Luncheon  given  by  Railway  Men's  Association   (50  present). 
JULY  7  - 

Luncheon  given  by  Knights  of  Pythias  (40  present). 
JULY  9  - 

Luncheon   given    by   Exposition   officials   to    Governor  F.  W. 

Benson,  of  Oregon,  and  staff  (35  present). 
Dinner  by  Exposition  officials  to  Major-General  Bell,  U.  S.  A., 

of  Washington,  D.  C.  (90  present). 
JULY  10  - 

Luncheon  given  by  Society  of  Mining  Engineers  (60  present) . 
JULY  12  - 

Luncheon  given  by  Lumbermen's  Association  (60  present). 
Luncheon  given  by  the  Exposition  officials  to  Lumbermen's  wives 

(30  present). 
JULY  14  — 

Buffet  luncheon   for  700  persons  given   by  International   and 

National  Society  of  Women's  Clubs. 

Banquet  given  by  Exposition  officials  to  officers  of  the  above 
and  International  delegates  as  guests. 


LIST  OF  STATE  AND  GENERAL  FUNCTIONS  67 

JULY  16  - 

Luncheon  given  by  the  Pharmaceutical  Association  (300  present). 
Luncheon  given  by  Educational  Convention  (40  present). 
Banquet   given   by   Exposition    officials    to   Washington   Press 

Club  (100  present). 
JULY  17  — 

Luncheon   given    by    Washington    State    Dental    Society  (500 

present) . 
JULY  20  - 

Dinner    given    by    Exposition    officials    to    National    Editorial 

Association  (300  present). 
JULY  21  - 

Banquet  given  by   Japanese   Commissioner  Hajime   Ota   (250 

present) . 
AUGUST  2  — 

Luncheon  to  Governor  Hughes  by  New  York  Committee  at 
12:30  —  four  Governors  present,  Gov.  Hughes,  of  New 
York;  Gov.  Hay,  of  Washington;  Gov.  Glasscock,  of  West 
Virginia,  and  Gov.  Johnson,  of  Minnesota. 

Reception    to    Governor    Hughes    from   3   to  5  —  about  3,000 
people.     Banquet  in  evening,  given  by  Exposition  officials, 
to  Governor  Hughes  (200  persons  present). 
AUGUST  3  — 

Luncheon  given  by  Exposition  officials  to  Governor  Johnson. 
Dinner   in   evening  given  to  Governor   Hughes  by  Brown   and 

Cornell  Alumni  Associations  (70  present). 
AUGUST  10  — 

Dinner  given  by  American  Association  of  Titlemen  (80  present). 
AUGUST  12  — 

Luncheon  given  by  Sir  Charles  Rivers- Wilson,  London,  presi- 
dent of  Grand  Trunk  Railroad. 
AUGUST  16  — 

Luncheon  given  by  members  of  Pennsylvania  Society  (50 
present) . 


68  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Luncheon   given   by   Exposition   officials   to   Baron   Takahira, 

Japanese  Ambassador  (40  present). 
Dinner  to  Senator  and  Mrs.  Wainwright,  given  by  President 

and  Mrs.  Chilberg  (20  present). 
AUGUST  17  - 

Reception,  11  A.  M.,  and  luncheon,  12:30,  given  by  Exposition 
officials  to  Governor  Schallenburger  and  staff,  of  Nebraska. 
Banquet    at  night  to   Governor    Schallenburger,  of  Nebraska; 
Governor  Vessey,  of  South  Dakota,  and  Governor  Gilchrist, 
of  Florida,  by  Exposition  officials. 
AUGUST  18  — 

Luncheon  by  Exposition  officials  to  German  officials  (20  present) . 
AUGUST  21  — 

Dinner  to  Caledonian  Society  —  given  by  Exposition;  Mayor 
McDougal,    of   Vancouver,    and    staff    of    Governor    Hay 
present  (60  present). 
AUGUST  25  — 

Luncheon   by  Exposition  officials  to  Governor  Spry,  of  Utah, 

and  staff,  in  Exposition  Club  room  (40  present). 
Luncheon  by  Exposition  officials  to  Mystic  Shriners  (50  present). 
Buffet  luncheon  given  by  Mystic  Shriners  from  3  to  5  P.  M. 

(1,000  present). 
AUGUST  26  — 

Luncheon  by  President  Chilberg  to  delegates  and  ladies  from 

Maryland  (45  present). 
Dinner  in  evening  given  by  Leland  Stanford  University  Alumni 

Association  (80  present). 
AUGUST  27  - 

Luncheon  by  President  Chilberg  to  Hon.  John  Barrett,  director 
of  International  Bureau  of  American  Republics,  and  General 
Marion  P.  Maus,  of  West  Point  Academy  (20  present). 
AUGUST  31  — 

Luncheon  given  by  Idaho  Commissioners  to  Executive  Com- 
missioners Association  (40  present). 


LIST  OF  STATE  AND  GENERAL  FUNCTIONS  69 

SEPTEMBER  22  — 

Luncheon    to   Hon.    Walter    E.    Clark,   Governor  of    Alaska, 

ex-Governor  John  H.  McGraw  presided  (30  present). 
SEPTEMBER  23  — 

Dinner  to  French  Committee  and  wine  merchants  of  California 

(50  present). 
Banquet    in    Exposition    Club   room   to    officers   of   Sovereign 

Grand  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.  (20  present). 
SEPTEMBER  24  — 

Dinner  to  State  Commissioners  and  guests,  in  the  Exposition 

Club  room  (40  present). 
SEPTEMBER  29  — 

Luncheon  by  Exposition  officials  to  Mr.   Elbert  Hubbard,  of 

East  Aurora,  N.  Y.  (12  present). 
SEPTEMBER  30  — 

Official  exposition  luncheon  to  President  William  H.  Taft  (200 

present) . 
OCTOBER  1  - 

Luncheon   to   American   Institute   of   Mining   Engineers    (100 

present). 
OCTOBER  4  — 

Luncheon  by  Exposition  officials  to  National  Guard  Association 

of  the  United  States  (90  present). 

Dinner  given  by  J.  W.  Clise,  chairman  of  the  Live  Stock  Com- 
mittee, to  the  National  Live  Stock  Association  (130  present). 
OCTOBER  5  — 

Luncheon  by  Exposition  officials  to  delegates  and  members  of 

Ohio  Society. 
OCTOBER  6  — 

Luncheon  in  Exposition  Club  room  to  Executive  Commissioners 

Association,  given  by  President  Chilberg. 
OCTOBER  9  — 

Luncheon   to  Executive  Commissioners   Association   given   by 
the  Oregon  State  Commission. 


70  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

OCTOBER  12  — 

Luncheon  to  Hon.  William  Jennings  Bryan,  of  Nebraska,  given 
by  the  Democratic  State  Committee  of  Seattle  (40  present). 
OCTOBER  13  — 

Luncheon   to   Executive  Commissioners   Association,  given    by 
Commissioner   General   Hajime   Ota   and   Assistant   Com- 
missioner T.  Takasawa,  of  Japan. 
OCTOBER  14  — 

Dinner  of  Exposition  officials  to  Imperial  Japanese  Commission, 

in  Exposition  Club  room  (70  present). 
Dinner  to  the  Hostesses  Association  given  by  the  Washington 

State  Commission  (80  present). 
OCTOBER  15  - 

Dinner    of    Washington    State    Commission    to    members    and 
attaches,  given  in  the  Exposition  Club  room  (20  present). 


NEW  YORK  DAY 


MONDAY,  AUGUST  2,    1909 


71 


New  York  Day 


THE  date  of  New  York's  official  day  was  made  to  suit  the  con- 
venience of  Governor  Hughes  in  making  his  western  trip. 
The  Champlain  Ter-centenary  Celebration,  which  occupied 
the  week  of  July  4th  to  July  10th,  and  the  Hudson-Fulton  Anniver- 
sary, which  occupied  the  two  weeks  between  September  26th  and  Octo- 
ber 9th,  fixed  the  extreme  dates  between  which  the  Governor  could 
find  it  possible  to  be  in  Seattle.  August  2d  was  fixed  upon  as  New 
York  Day,  and  Governor  Hughes'  itinerary  made  to  correspond. 
The  Governor  left  Albany  on  July  20th  and,  after  making  a  tour 
of  Yellowstone  Park,  arrived  in  Seattle  on  the  evening  of  August  1st. 

Hon.  J.  M.  Wainwright  and  Mrs.  Wainwright  arrived  on  July 
30th,  to  be  present  for  the  New  York  Day  exercises;  and  Hon. 
James  S.  Parker  and  Mrs.  Parker,  who  had  arrived  earlier,  returned 
from  their  Alaskan  trip  on  July  29th  and  formed  a  part  of  the  official 
party  during  the  New  York  celebration.  This  was  the  only  time 
during  the  exposition  period  that  a  majority  of  the  New  York  Exposi- 
tion Committee  was  present  in  Seattle. 

Governor  Hughes  and  the  official  party  spent  the  forenoon  of 
Monday,  August  2d,  in  visiting  the  state  and  government  buildings 
at  the  exposition.  An  informal  luncheon  was  given  him  at  12 : 30  in 
the  Exposition  Club  room  of  the  New  York  Building  by  the  Com- 
mittee and  included  the  leading  exposition  officials  and  prominent 
men  of  Seattle.  This  luncheon  was  notable  from  the  fact  that  three 
other  Governors  were  present,  namely :  Governor  Glasscock,  of  West 
Virginia;  Governor  John  A.  Johnson,  of  Minnesota,  and  Governor 
M.  E.  Hay,  of  Washington. 

73 


74  ALASKA-YUKOX-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Following  the  luncheon,  Governor  Hughes,  accompanied  by 
the  guests  at  the  luncheon,  marched  from  the  New  York  Building 
to  the  Auditorium,  where  the  Governor  delivered  the  only  address 
made  during  his  western  trip.  The  Governor  was  greeted  by  a 
large  and  enthusiastic  audience,  which  taxed  the  capacity  of  the  hall 
and  numbered  at  least  5,000  persons.  His  speech  was  not  a  political 
address  in  any  form,  but  was  rather  a  greeting  from  the  State  of  New 
York,  and  a  message,  abounding  with  admiration,  graciousness  and 
humor,  from  the  people  of  the  East  to  the  people  of  the  West.  It 
was  received  with  great  enthusiasm,  and  left  the  Governor  still  higher 
in  the  estimation  of  the  people  of  the  Coast  than  he  had  ever  been 
before.  The  address  is  given  in  full  on  pages  77-86. 

After  the  address  in  the  Auditorium,  the  official  party  returned 
to  the  New  York  State  Building  where  a  reception  was  held  by 
Governor  Hughes,  for  which  2,000  invitations  had  been  issued 
to  the  prominent  people  of  Seattle  and  of  the  Exposition.  The 
receiving  party  was:  Mr.  Josiah  Collins,  Chairman  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Ceremonies,  and  Mrs.  Collins;  Colonel  Treadwell,  Governor 
Hughes,  Chairman  and  Mrs.  Wilcox,  President  and  Mrs.  J.  A. 
Chilberg,  Governor  and  Mrs.  M.  E.  Hay,  Senator  and  Mrs  J.  M. 
Wainwright,  Director- General  and  Mrs.  I.  A.  Nadeau,  Mrs.  R.  A. 
Ballinger,  Governor  and  Mrs.  John  A.  Johnson,  Mrs.  Glasscock 
and  Mrs.  Hill.  Buffet  refreshments  were  served  in  the  afternoon 
and  music  was  furnished  by  Wagner's  Exposition  Band. 

In  the  evening  one  of  the  most  notable  banquets  of  the  exposi- 
tion period  was  tendered  to  Governor  Hughes  in  the  New  York 
State  Building  by  the  Department  of  Ceremonies  of  the  A.  Y.  P. 
Exposition.  Two  hundred  invitations  were  issued,  and  the  decora- 
tions were  very  elaborate  and  artistic;  music  was  furnished  by 
Wagner's  Exposition  Orchestra  and  by  the  Hawaiian  Troubadors. 
At  the  speakers'  table  were  seated:  Governor  Hughes  and  Mrs. 
Chilberg,  President  Chilberg  and  Mrs.  Wilcox,  Senator  Wilcox  and 
Mrs.  Nadeau,  Senator  Wainwright  and  Mrs.  Collins,  Governor 
Johnson  and  Mrs.  Rogers,  General  Nadeau  and  Mrs.  Wainwright, 
Mr.  Rogers  and  Mrs.  Johnson.  The  banquet  was  one  of  the  finest 


NEW    YORK   DAY 


served  by  Mr.  Patterson  during  the  entire  exposition  period,  and 
the  after-dinner  speeches  were  witty  and  appropriate.  Occasion 
was  taken  by  the  exposition  officials  to  express  their  great  appre- 
ciation to  Governor  Hughes  and  the  New  York  State  Committee 
for  the  generosity  and  courtesy  of  New  York  State  in  maintaining  so 
appropriate  a  residence  on  the  exposition  grounds,  and  for  their 
loyal  support  of  the  exposition  authorities  in  all  matters  pertaining 
to  the  official  and  social  life  of  the  exposition.  The  addresses  at 
the  banquet  are  given  in  full  on  pages  87-115. 

On  Tuesday  forenoon  Governor  Hughes  was  a  guest  of  the 
Cornell  Alumni  Association  of  Seattle,  who  took  him  upon  an  auto- 
mobile ride  around  the  city  of  Seattle  and  vicinity,  returning  to  the 
New  York  State  Building  about  12  o'clock.  From  here  a  rapid 
run  was  made  to  the  Seattle  Golf  and  Country  Club,  where  the  New 
York  State  official  party  were  the  guests  of  Hon.  Josiah  Collins, 
chairman  of  the  Department  of  Ceremonies,  at  a  luncheon.  There 
were  invited  to  meet  Governor  Hughes  at  this  luncheon  prominent 
bankers,  business  and  professional  men  of  Seattle. 

Returning  from  the  luncheon  about  3:30  p.  M.,  Governor  Hughes 
completed  his  tour  of  the  exposition  buildings  and  devoted  the 
remainder  of  the  afternoon  to  this  purpose. 

On  Tuesday  evening,  Governor  Hughes  and  the  New  York 
official  party  were  the  guests  of  the  Cornell  and  Brown  Alumni 
Associations  of  Seattle  at  a  dinner  given  in  the  Exposition  Club 
room  of  the  New  York  State  Building.  This  dinner,  at  which 
about  seventy  were  present,  was  one  of  the  most  enjoyable  functions 
of  the  Governor's  trip,  and  the  spirit  of  good  fellowship  and  absence 
of  all  restraint  made  the  occasion  a  notable  one.  Governor  Hughes 
made  a  very  witty  and  interesting  speech,  recalling  his  old-time 
experiences  at  Colgate,  Brown  and  Cornell,  and  complimenting  the 
enterprise  and  success  of  the  graduates  of  these  institutions  who 
comprise  in  their  number  many  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Seattle. 
Other  addresses  were  made  by  Chairman  Kittinger  and  Mr.  Stevens, 
representing  the  Brown  Alumni,  Senator  Wilcox,  Senator  Wain- 
wright,  Assemblyman  Parker,  Director  Rogers,  and  others. 


76  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

On  Wednesday  morning,  August  4th,  the  Governor,  accompanied 
by  Colonel  Treadwell,  left  the  New  York  State  Building  and  the 
exposition  grounds  at  9:00  o'clock,  taking  the  boat  to  Vancouver 
and  returning  to  New  York  by  way  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway. 

His  visit  to  the  exposition,  undertaken  entirely  at  his  own 
expense,  was  a  compliment  to  the  New  York  State  Committee 
which  was  highly  appreciated  and  was  a  source  of  the  greatest 
satisfaction  and  pleasure  to  the  exposition  officials  and  the  people 
of  Seattle.  Governor  Hughes  has  always  stood  extremely  high  in 
the  esteem  of  the  people  of  the  Northwest,  for  his  magnificent  record 
as  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York,  but  they  had  never  before 
had  an  opportunity  of  personal  contact  with  him,  and  his  genial 
personality  and  rare  faculty  for  saying  the  right  thing  in  his  formal 
and  informal  addresses  won  their  high  personal  regard  in  addition 
to  the  esteem  in  which  they  had  theretofore  held  him.  The  visit 
of  the  Governor  was  the  crowning  point  in  New  York's  participation 
at  the  fair  and  it  was  a  matter  of  great  satisfaction  to  the  Committee 
that  it  was  such  an  acknowledged  success  and  was  marred  by  no 
untoward  event. 

The  address  of  Governor  Hughes  at  the  Auditorium  on  the 
afternoon  of  August  2d  and  the  entire  proceedings  at  the  banquet 
on  the  evening  of  the  same  are  given  in  full  as  a  matter  of  record 
and  of  interest  to  the  people  of  the  State  of  New  York  and  the 
city  of  Seattle. 

The  magnificent  hall  of  the  Auditorium  was  filled  to  its  utmost 
capacity,  and  on  a  stage  were  seated  the  exposition  officials  and 
the  leading  men  of  Washington  and  Seattle.  Governor  Hughes 
was  introduced  to  the  audience  by  President  Chilberg  as  follows: 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen :  The  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition 
since  it  has  been  opened  has  been  honored  by  the  visit  of  a  number 
of  great  men.  We  have  to-day  among  us  the  Governor  of  the  great 
State  of  New  York  (applause),  other  than  whom  there  stands  no 
man,  unless  it  be  the  President  of  the  United  States,  in  greater  esti- 
mation of  the  people  of  the  Pacific  coast.  The  Hon.  Charles  E. 
Hughes,  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York.  (Applause.) 


Address  of  Governor  Hughes. 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG,  FELLOW  CITIZENS:  I  thank  you 
from  the  bottom  of  my  heart  for  this  cordial  greeting.  I  did 
not  come  here  to  make  a  formal  address  but  to  see  the  Expo- 
sition, which  has  excited  the  admiration  of  the  entire  country.  I 
came  here  to  feel  the  impulse  of  your  vigor,  to  see  the  vision  of 
the  Northwest,  and  to  warm  my  heart  in  western  enthusiasm. 
(Applause.)  I  came  to  bear  the  greetings  of  the  Empire  State,  a 
State  which  holds  within  its  bounds  one-tenth  of  the  entire  popula- 
tion of  the  United  States,  of  industry  wonderfully  diversified,  of 
commerce  unsurpassed,  the  State  of  Hamilton  and  of  James  Kent, 
of  Marcy,  and  of  William  H.  Seward.  (Applause.)  The  State 
which  in  recent  years  has  given  to  the  nation  Grover  Cleveland  and 
Theodore  Roosevelt.  (Applause.) 

A  VOICE:  And  next  Governor  Hughes.  (Applause.) 
Gov.  HUGHES:  We  are  divided  by  a  continent  —  rather  let 
me  say  we  are  united  by  a  continent,  for  it  is  an  American  continent 
and  we  are  all  one.  (Applause.)  Sometimes  in  the  East  people 
with  scant  perceptive  think  that  America  is  made;  here  America  is 
in  the  making,  and  no  one  in  the  wildest  dreams  of  fancy  has  yet 
compassed  the  possibilities  of  the  great  Northwest,  the  empire  of 
the  future.  (Applause.)  Other  expositions  have  been  commemora- 
tive, this  is  prophetic  (applause) ;  other  expositions  have  had  histori- 
cal significance,  and  by  fitting  ceremonies  have  commemorated 
great  names  and  great  deeds;  this  is  an  exposition  not  commemo- 
rative of  any  one  event  or  any  one  great  deed  but  with  its  exhibits  of 
resources  and  suggestions  of  marvelous  possibilities  bids  us  look  to 
the  future.  (Applause.) 

A  little  while  ago  in  the  State  of  New  York  in  that  charming  valley 
which  separates  the  Green  mountains  of  Vermont  from  the  beauti- 

77 


78  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

ful  forests  of  the  Adirondacks  we  celebrated  the  300th  anniversary 
of  the  discovery  of  Lake  Champlain.  There  met  those  who  repre- 
sented the  two  nations  then  in  a  bitter  struggle  for  the  possession 
and  control  of  the  new  world;  there  we  retraced  the  historic  strife 
between  the  French  and  the  English;  there  each  nation  found  its 
hero,  a  man  typical  of  its  best.  The  French  found  him  in  the  pure- 
minded  patriot,  devout  Champlain,  and  in  that  knight  of  his  day 
the  unexcelled  Montcalm;  England  found  him  in  Lord  Howe,  a 
splendid  specimen  of  the  English  soldier,  who  fell  before  the  battle, 
in  a  little  skirmish,  near  Ticonderoga.  Then  we  celebrated  the  final 
victor,  the  nation  that  emerged,  the  nation  of  destiny,  with  its  own 
hero,  our  Ethan  Allen  (applause) ;  and  away  off  there  in  the  northeast- 
ern part  of  this  great  country  we  reviewed  the  significance,  which  we 
cannot  over  emphasize,  of  the  struggle  of  those  who  yearned  to  possess 
that  which  they  did  not  know,  and  to  compass  a  continent  whose 
limits  they  could  not  then  imagine.  They  were  the  heroes  of  the 
East;  but  who  shall  tell  the  story;  yes  who  shall  even  identify  the 
heroes  of  the  Northwest  ?  (Applause.)  The  perils  of  the  sea  are 
as  naught  compared  with  the  perils  of  the  land, —  the  unknown 
land  with  its  savage  enemies  and  its  trackless  forests.  You  have 
undoubtedly  again  and  again  followed  in  your  imagination  those 
early  trappers  and  hunters  as  they  made  their  way  through  the 
dense  thickets  and  the  vast  forests  and  over  the  mountains,  until 
every  part  of  this  great  country  became  known.  We  talk  of  the 
discoveries  along  the  Atlantic  coast;  we  justly  laud  the  name  of 
Columbus,  who,  braving  the  perils  of  an  unknown  sea,  discovered 
the  new  world;  we  talk  of  the  enterprise  and  endurance  of  Champlain, 
but  in  those  unknown  men  who  taught  us  the  way  to  the  Seattle 
Exposition  may  be  found  the  true  heroes  of  this  great  continent. 
(Applause.)  They  prepared  the  way  for  the  builders,  and  here 
everything  is  in  process  of  construction;  you  wake  up  in  the  morning 
and  it  is  not  the  same  as  it  was  when  you  went  to  bed  at  night. 
(Applause.)  I  do  not  know  how  greatly  the  population  of  Seattle 
has  increased  since  I  arrived  last  evening.  (Laughter  and  applause.) 


NEW   YORK    DAY  79 

I  would  there  were  a  few  more  governors  here  in  order  that  we 
might  strike  a  fair  average  with  our  good  Gov.  Hay  of  Washington. 
(Laughter  and  applause.)  We  have  boasted  that  we  draw  the 
best  from  all  the  nations  of  the  earth  —  the  hardiest,  the  most  ven- 
turesome, the  most  adept;  those  who  easily  adapt  themselves  to 
novel  situations,  those  who  never  turn  back,  and  are  always  pressing 
forward,  forward  toward  the  goal  of  their  ambition.  We  have  had 
the  best  of  all  races.  I  dislike  the  notion  that  the  term  "American" 
is  confined  to  those  of  any  particular  stock.  Americanism  is  a  word 
of  the  spirit,  not  a  word  of  the  flesh.  (Applause.)  We  are  all 
together  in  this  country,  and  we  owe  our  greatness  to  the  fact  that 
here  are  the  representatives — the  best  representatives  of  their  respec- 
tive races  —  not  necessarily  in  social  condition  or  in  advantage  of 
birth;  not  by  reason  of  accident  or  of  fortune,  but  because  of  the 
energy  which  they  possess  and  the  indomitable  spirit  which  Provi- 
dence has  given  them. 

But  you  in  the  Northwest  have  been  drawing  the  best  of  the  best 
(applause);  you  have  been  taking  them  from  New  York  (laughter 
and  applause) ;  we  have  lots  of  them  left.  (Laughter.) 

It  seemed  to  me  last  fall  when  I  visited  the  Mississippi  valley, 
and  the  states  to  the  immediate  west,  that  every  third  man  I  met 
had  his  home  in  New  York  originally;  and  since  I  have  arrived  at 
Seattle  I  have  spent  most  of  my  time  shaking  hands  with  New 
Yorkers.  (Laughter.)  If  we  look  for  New  England  now  we  do  not 
look  for  it  in  the  old  New  England,  in  the  modern  mill  towns,  we 
look  for  New  England  in  the  west.  If  you  look  for  that  exhibition 
of  conscientious  determination  to  have  things  straight;  if  you  look 
for  that  moral  force,  conspicuous  in  its  intensity,  which  so  character- 
ized the  New  England  of  the  last  generation  you  had  better  search 
for  it  in  the  middle  west  and  onward  to  the  coast.  (Applause.) 

I  wish  I  could  tell  you  my  vision  of  this  country.  Every  man 
has  his  point  of  view;  every  man  has  his  particular  objective  and  his 
dream  about  that  which  he  prizes.  We  make  them  as  we  look  into 
the  future  and  think  of  the  richness  of  the  mine  and  the  soil,  of  the 


80  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

bounties  of  nature  discovered  and  put  to  practical  use  by  rare  initiative 
and  energy.  No  one  can  forecast  what  Alaska  means  and  I  take  it  that 
in  the  coming  day  it  will  be  thought  that  no  contribution  made  to  our 
national  life  was  of  greater  importance  on  the  part  of  any  New  Yorker 
than  that  made  by  Seward  in  securing  the  purchase  of  Alaska. 
(Loud  applause.)  We  cannot  measure  the  prosperity  which  is  in 
store  for  our  children.  Nowhere  in  the  world  are  such  opportuni- 
ties for  the  development  of  such  extraordinary  resources  waiting 
only  for  the  touch  of  intelligence.  No;  we  can  set  no  bounds  to 
what  may  be  expected  in  material  wealth,  in  the  heaping  up  of 
possessions,  in  making  this  nation  the  most  rich  and  prosperous  in 
a  material  way  that  the  world  has  ever  beheld,  far  greater  than  the 
dreams  even  of  the  eastern  potentates. 

Nor  need  we  set  any  bounds  to  what  may  be  accomplished  in 
the  direction  of  education.  The  people  of  this  country  are  intent 
upon  knowing  everything  and  there  is  nothing  that  can  be  found 
out  but  it  will  be  found  out  right  here.  (Applause.)  It  is  signifi- 
cant that  this  Exposition  is  held  on  the  site  of  a  great  university  and 
I  am  very  glad  of  the  part  which  New  York  has  taken  in  contributing 
to  what  eventually  will  be  a  part  of  the  plant  of  that  university. 
(Applause.)  I  had  hardly  finished  the  reading  of  the  election  returns 
after  my  first  election  as  Governor  when  a  representative  of  this 
Exposition  was  at  my  door  asking  that  New  York  should  take  part. 
(Applause.)  He  had  a  very  taking  way  with  him  and  he  captured 
us.  In  my  first  message  I  made  a  reference  to  this  Exposition  and 
New  York  is  here  to-day,  not  temporarily  but  to  stay  as  a  factor  in 
the  education  of  the  West.  Our  methods  of  education  naturally 
are  taking  practical  lines.  We  are  about  to  witness  a  great  develop- 
ment in  the  realm  of  technical  instruction.  I  suppose  you  are  taking 
here  as  we  are  in  the  East  an  interest  in  vocational  training  in 
our  public  schools.  We  want  to  have  every  boy  and  girl  understand 
that  they  are  learning  something  worth  while.  We  want  to  cultivate 
that  interest  which  must  depend  upon  appreciation  of  the  advantage 
of  study  and  application.  You  must  set  no  limit  to  the  educational 


NEW    YORK    DAY  81 

progress  of  the  country  save  that  limit  which  our  common  human 
nature  imposes.  We  shall  have  development  in  higher  education; 
we  shall  have  development  in  technical  education;  we  shall  have 
re-enforcement  of  the  underlying  common  school  education. 

But  what  of  it  ?  What  if  we  become  the  wealthiest  nation  upon 
earth;  what  if  we  become  the  most  intelligent  nation  upon  earth; 
what  if  every  boy  and  girl  is  instructed  ?  Oh,  my  friends,  the  pros- 
perity of  the  nation  in  the  best  sense  cannot  be  measured  by  statistics 
of  the  output  of  mines  or  by  columns  telling  of  commercial  inter- 
course, or  by  long  inventories  of  wealth  in  crops  or  in  any  of  the  riches 
of  nature.  Education  may  give  an  ability  and  an  adaptability  essen- 
tial to  individual  success,  but  our  ultimate  prosperity  must  depend 
upon  those  moral  resources  without  which  wealth  and  education 
would  be  a  mockery.  (Applause.)  The  test  of  life  in  the  Northwest 
will  not  be  simply  what  comes  from  the  rich  and  still  unexplored 
Alaska ;  it  will  not  be  found  merely  in  the  exchanges  of  this  commu- 
nity destined  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  commercial  centers  of  the 
world;  the  test  will  be  found  in  the  uplift  of  the  common  life  and  in 
the  general  benefit  of  society.  (Applause.)  To  realize  that,  we 
must  have  something  more  than  natural  resources,  something  more 
than  technical  skill,  something  more  than  that  splendid  energy  and 
indomitable  spirit  which  will  concede  no  defeat.  We  must  have  a 
fundamental  sense  of  justice  and  be  willing  to  give,  in  recognition 
of  a  common  obligation,  as  well  as  to  get  by  the  divine  right  of 
individual  talent.  (Applause.) 

I  have  no  fear  that  there  will  be  a  decrease  in  our  philanthropies. 
No  better  index  of  our  present  generous  disposition  can  be  found 
than  in  the  wide  extent  of  philanthropic  enterprise  rivalling  in  its 
ingenuity  almost  the  enterprise  of  commerce  and  finance.  Side  by 
side  with  every  undertaking  which  gives  opportunity  for  the  play 
of  individual  ability  is  some  great  philanthropic  scheme  conducted 
for  the  benefit  of  one's  neighbors.  But  we  cannot  be  satisfied  with 
philanthropy  poured  from  the '  top  down.  (Applause.)  That  is 
good  and  I  hope  we  will  have  a  great  deal  of  it  and  certainly  we 


82  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

should  appreciate  it  and  we  should  yield  the  full  meed  of  praise 
to  those  who  bestow  it.  But  better  than  philanthropy  from  the  top 
down  is  the  common  sense  of  justice,  the  common  appreciation  of 
our  collective  rights  (applause),  the  disposition  in  a  man's  heart 
that  puts  a  limit  to  what  he  will  do,  though  he  knows  he  can  do  it 
with  impunity,  because  it  is  better  that  he  should  not.  (Applause.) 
Sometimes  we  bear  men  telling  us  that  we  do  not  have  very 
much  respect  for  law  in  this  country  as  compared  with  some  other 
countries.  Some  of  our  foreign  friends  visiting  us  are  apt  at  times 
to  take  a  pessimistic  view  of  the  future  because  of  what  they  seem 
to  think  is  a  lack  of  respect  for  law  as  such.  Now  the  difference  is 
that  we  have  not  been  trained  through  generations  of  obedience  to 
authority  as  such.  We  have  grown  up  differently.  If  you  are  to 
have  respect  for  law  in  this  country  the  law  must  be  based  upon  those 
sentiments  which  win  common  appreciation  because  of  their  justice 
and  their  fairness.  (Applause.)  You  cannot  expect  an  American 
to  bow  to  the  mere  exhibition  of  authority  as  such,  but  the  average 
American  is  a  very  sensible  man  and  he  is  very  quick  to  see  what  is 
for  the  advantage  of  all.  He  may  not  be  so  eager  to  limit  himself 
but  he  is  anxious  that  the  other  fellow  should  be  limited  so  that  the 
common  advantage  should  not  suffer.  (Laughter.) 

Our  growth  in  the  development  of  this  sense  of  justice  rests  first 
upon  our  appreciation  of  what  is  due  to  a  man's  self,  of  his  right  to 
a  fair  opportunity.  There  is  no  danger  of  socialism  in  this  country. 
The  reason  of  this  is  that  the  average  American  boy  to-day,  the  same 
as  fifty  years  ago,  starts  out  from  his  home  to  see  what  he  can  make 
of  himself  and  he  wants  the  reward  to  which  honesty  and  persever- 
ance entitle  him.  (Applause.)  But  with  the  development  of  our 
crowded  communities  and  with  the  increase  of  the  complexity  of 
our  civilization  there  comes  another  thought,  and  that  is,  not  simply 
of  what  is  due  to  a  man's  self,  not  simply  of  the  opportunity  to 
which  he  is  entitled  as  his  birthright  and  which  it  was  the  object 
of  our  institutions  to  keep  free,  but  also,  looking  more  broadly  at 
what  is  essential  to  equality  of  opportunity,  of  what  is  due  the  com- 


NEW   YORK    DAY  83 

munity,  of  the  public  interest,  of  the  vast  importance  of  fair  and 
impartial  administration  of  government. 

Matthew  Arnold  said  that  conduct  was  three-fourths  of  life. 
When  you  come  to  government  which  rests  upon  this  common  sense 
of  justice, —  administration,  fair,  impartial  and  straightforward  is  nine- 
tenths  of  it.  We  may  have  our  disputes  about  policies,  about 
schemes  of  legislation  which  may  prove  beneficial,  about  those 
methods  of  law  making  which  may  be  improved.  As  I  look  at  it,  the 
chief  need  of  the  nation  throughout,  in  all  of  its  divisions,  in  states  and 
municipalities  and  down  to  the  lowest  community  is  simply  good, 
straightforward,  honest  administration  of  the  laws.  (Applause.)  The 
time  has  gone  by  very  largely  when  legislation  can  be  warped  to  private 
advantage  with  impunity.  We  have  no  desire  to  withhold  the  gifts 
of  privilege  which  are  for  the  public  benefit,  but  we  desire  that 
they  shall  be  exercised  for  the  public  benefit  and  in  accordance 
with  the  conditions  upon  which  they  are  bestowed.  Simple  justice  ! 
There  is  no  grander  conception, — justice  to  the  honestly  invested 
dollar;  justice  to  the  man  who  works  and  gets  what  he  has  by  proper 
means  and  is  entitled  to  have  it  safeguarded  against  attack ;  justice 
to  the  public  that  there  may  be  no  improper  discriminations  and 
that  when  grants  are  made  it  may  have  the  returns  to  which  it  is 
entitled  by  virtue  of  the  merits  of  the  grant. 

There  is  no  chance  for  demagogy  on  any  large  scale  in  this 
country  because  of  the  growing  appreciation  of  justice  and  of  its 
essential  relation  to  the  success  of  democracy.  (Applause.)  We 
talk  to-day  of  our  ninety  millions  of  people.  Why,  the  time  will 
come  when  these  great  areas  will  be  filled  with  people,  when  all 
these  wastes  which  we  now  look  upon  will  blossom  like  the  rose, 
when  we  shall  have  teeming  commonwealths  not  rivalling  the  present 
populations  of  the  East  but  far  surpassing  them  even  as  those  popula- 
tions themselves  will  grow  more  and  more  dense. 

What  are  we  coming  to  ?  Are  we  to  have  tumult  and  confusion 
and  uncertainty,  tossed  about  by  every  wave,  driven  about  by  every 
chance  wind;  or  are  we  to  have  that  solid  basis  upon  which  national 


84  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

life  can  prosper  and  grow  to  an  unlimited  degree?  I  believe  that 
we  are  to  have  the  latter  because  you  can  depend  upon  the  good 
sense  and  the  fairness  of  the  average  American  citizen.  (Applause.) 
We  are  to.  be  ruled  by  intelligent  public  opinion.  We  are  safe- 
guarded by  extraordinary  bulwarks  of  conservatism  in  this  country  in 
our  constitutional  provisions,  but  our  security  is  not  in  constitution 
however  difficult  to  change;  our  security  is  in  the  intelligence,  the 
educated  intelligence  of  the  average  man  and  his  appreciation  of 
what  is  due  to  his  neighbor.  You  cannot  police  a  nation.  You 
cannot  hold  down  the  people  by  officers.  This  great  American  com- 
monwealth is  prospering  and  is  making  progress  securely  and  sanely, 
not  because  of  militia  or  police,  not  because  of  criminal  courts  into 
which,  thank  God,  few  of  us  enter,  but  because  of  conscience  and 
the  sense  of  restraint  and  the  appreciation  of  obligation.  Therefore 
it  is  that  I  look  to  this  great  future  of  which  this  Exposition  speaks 
in  such  an  emphatic  way  with  absolute  confidence. 

Underlying  all  is  our  sense  of  national  unity.  It  is  a  far  cry  from 
Coney  Island  to  Mount  Rainier,  but  we  are  a  great  deal  closer  to 
you  than  we  are  to  Montreal.  (Applause.)  If  there  were  any 
trouble  in  this  country,  if  we  were  threatened  by  enemies,  if  there 
were  any  call  for  us  to  defend  the  flag,  the  boys  of  Texas  would 
join  with  those  of  New  York,  and  Massachusetts,  and  Minnesota, 
and  California,  and  Washington,  and  no  one  would  think  of  any  of 
those  diverse  interests  which  lead  to  such  extraordinary  diversities  of 
opinion  but  the  dominating  sentiment  of  our  common  country  would 
control  all.  (Applause.)  Every  locality  must  have  something  in 
which  it  is  interested  and  it  is  right  and  proper  that  it  should  struggle 
for  that  interest,  but,  after  all,  the  prosperity  of  the  country  as  a 
whole  is  more  important  than  any  particular  interest,  and  the  general 
sentiment  of  our  people  is  that  not  only  united  do  we  stand  but  that 
by  virtue  of  our  union  do  we  prosper.  But  the  test  of  the  success 
of  our  great  nation  so  powerfully  supported  by  this  sentiment  of  union 
is  not  to  be  found  entirely  in  the  doings  at  the  national  capital  at 
Washington  or  in  those  departments  of  activity  which  deal  with  our 


I 


NEW    YORK    DAY  85 

federal  affairs.  They  are  to  be  found  most  truly  in  the  county  and 
town,  and  cib  .  No  man  is  much  of  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
who  is  not  looking  after  the  welfare  and  the  administration,  the  hon- 
est administration,  of  his  home  government.  (Applause.)  That  is 
the  test.  You  can  be  a  patriot  and  shout  for  the  flag  lustily  but  are 
you  trying  to  get  anything  at  home,  that  you  are  not  entitled  to,  out 
of  the  public  purse  ?  (Applause.)  It  is  easy  to  let  off  a  great  blast 
of  enthusiasm  for  the  people  as  a  whole,  but  how  about  the  little 
circle  of  people  which  you  touch? 

We  have  plenty  of  problems, —  we  have  a  few  in  the  State  of 
New  York  and  we  rejoice  in  them.  We  New  Yorkers  —  and  I  am 
glad  to  see  so  many  of  them  here,  in  fact,  my  eyes  are  almost  blurred 
by  the  purple  that  is  before  them  —  we  like  our  size,  we  like  to  think 
of  our  great  metropolis  and  actually  we  do  rejoice  in  the  problems 
which  our  great  cities  offer  because  they  are  the  problems  of  humanity. 
If  anywhere  in  this  broad  earth  they  can  be  solved,  it  is  here.  If 
anywhere,  with  just  conservatism  and  fairness,  we  can  raise  the  stand- 
ards of  living,  and  can  better  the  common  life  of  a  community,  it  is 
right  here.  I  said  a  moment  ago  a  word  of  praise  of  the  great  heroes 
who  made  this  country  possible,  who  opened  it  to  trade  and  com- 
merce; but,  ray  friends,  don't  think  that  because  our  country  is 
united  by  steel  rails  and  there  are  but  few  unexplored  portions,  there 
are  no  chances  for  heroism  to-day.  There  are  more  chances  of 
heroism  in  some  wards  of  the  city  of  New  York  than  existed  on  the 
prairies  in  the  times  of  the  Sioux.  (Applause.)  But  as  I  say,  while 
we  rejoice  in  this  problem  we  do  not  minimize  the  difficulties.  We 
do  not  forget  the  elements  of  our  human  nature.  We  know  that 
government,  and  legislation,  and  administration  must  reflect  all  the 
frailties  and  weaknesses  of  humanity.  The  wonder  is,  that  with  the 
opportunities  of  our  great  country,  we  have  so  few  object  lessons  of 
that  sort. 

We  have  diversities  of  laws  and  in  this  lies  one  of  the  great 
problems  of  the  future.  There  was  opened  up  by  the  former  Presi- 
dent of  the  Urited  States  a  wonderful  avenue  of  opportunity  when  he 


86  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

called  that  conference  of  governors  in  Washington  a  year  ago.  We 
have  need  to  come  together  as  the  representatives  of  the  people  of 
our  respective  commonwealths ;  to  talk  over  not  what  shall  be  done 
federally  but  what  can  best  be  done  locally  ;  to  take  advantage  of  our 
great  opportunities  of  local  experimentation;  to  realize  two  strains 
or  bonds  of  unity,  one  through  Federal  relationship  and  another 
through  State  harmony  made  possible  by  a  clearer  conception  of  our 
common  interests. 

You  have  chosen  a  great  name  for  this  State  and  you  will  do 
well  if  you  live  up  to  the  name  of  Washington.  (Applause.) 
Against  everything  that  is  mean,  low  and  contemptible,  against 
everything  that  is  avaricious  and  simply  bent  upon  individual  attain- 
ment, against  every  form  of  improper  exploitation,  against  every- 
thing that  is  base  and  sordid  in  our  life,  stands  the  character  of 
Washington.  (Applause.)  You  have  here  priceless  opportunities; 
here  individual  effort  may  have  reward  denied  in  many  other 
places,  here  everything  seems  possible  and  it  only  needs  the  con- 
tinuance of  this  resistless  energy  to  make  you  powerful  and  pros- 
perous, the  empire  of  the  West;  and  if,  along  with  that,  you  cherish 
the  memory  and  character  of  the  pure-minded  patriot  after  whom 
you  are  named,  whose  zeal  was  only  for  the  common  good,  then  your 
legislation  will  not  be  bartered  by  political  rings,  then  your  adminis- 
tration will  not  be  for  the  selfish  benefit  of  party  or  individual, 
then  you  will  have  parties  to  maintain  efficiency  in  government, 
to  rival  in  plans  for  the  betterment  of  the  life  of  the  community 
and  the  individual,  strong,  capable,  alert,  ready  to  seize  every  oppor- 
tunity which  this  expanding  country  offers,  animated  by  a  high 
ideal  of  service,  by  love  to  God  and  man.  (Loud  applause.) 


Proceedings  at  the   Banquet   Given    in  the  New  York  State 

Building,  August  2,  1909,  in  Honor  of  Hon.  Charles 

E.  Hughes,  of  New  York 

A  DESCRIPTION    of    this    notable   banquet,    which   brought 
together  the  most  notable  Governor  of  the  East  and  the  most 
notable  Governor  of  the  West,  is  given  earlier  in  this  chapter 
under  the   proceedings  of  "New  York  Day."     President  Chilberg 
presided  and  acted  as  toastmaster.     The  speeches  are  herewith  given 
in  full. 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

The  thanks  of  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  are  due  to 
the  Empire  State  for  the  magnificent  contribution  which  they  have 
made  to  our  Exposition,  and  I  desire  furthermore  to  congratulate 
Governor  Hughes  upon  the  gentlemen  he  has  selected  to  represent 
his  State  as  hosts.  (Applause.)  And  he  is  also  to  be  congratulated 
upon  the  great  hostesses. 

Governor  Hughes  and  the  State  of  New  York  did  much  more 
for  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  than  the  appropriation  of 
$75,000.  At  the  time,  sir,  that  you  sent  the  word  ringing  across  the 
continent  that  you  recognized,  and  that  you  were  willing  and  the 
great  legislature  and  State  of  New  York  were  willing  to  support  the 
Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition,  we  were  staggering  under  a  bur- 
den of  adversity  —  we  were  meeting  with  discouragement  from 
State  after  State  and  many  of  them  have  maintained  their  positions 
still.  It  was  said  that  the  Jamestown  Exposition  had  been  a  failure 
and  that  nothing  in  the  Northwest  could  succeed;  but  that  word  of 
yours  from  New  York,  from  the  State  of  New  York,  stimulated  in 
us  the  energy  to  go  ahead  and,  I  hope,  to  succeed. 

The  welcome  of  our  State  and  of  our  Exposition  this  evening 
will  be  extended  by  Hon.  M.  E.  Hay,  Governor  of  Washington. 

87 


88  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

GOVERNOR  M.  E.  HAY: 

As  Chief  Executive  of  this  Commonwealth,  it  gives  me  great 
pleasure  to  welcome  to  our  State  so  many  distinguished  men  as 
we  have  with  us  this  evening.  If  I  ask  you  to  take  your  cards  and 
write  upon  the  back  thereof  the  names  of  six  of  the  most  prominent 
men  in  the  United  States,  three  of  those  names  from  each  of  the 
great  political  parties,  and  I  came  to  pick  up  those  cards,  I  would 
find  upon  the  backs  of  the  cards  the  names  of  two  of  the  gentlemen 
we  have  with  us  this  evening. 

Governor  Johnson,  it  was  my  pleasure  to  live  for  six  years  in 
the  State  of  Minnesota,  six  short  summers  and  six  very  long  winters. 
Minnesota  has  furnished  to  this  nation  many  prominent  men :  Senator 
Cushman,  C.  K.  Davis,  Knute  Nelson,  the  stalwart  Scandinavian, 
Charles  Towne,  the  silver  orator,  Governor  Lind,  Governor  John- 
son, Congressman  Tawney  and  many  others  who  are  with  us  to-day 
from  the  Gopher  State. 

It  was  in  Minnesota  that  I  lost  my  heart,  and  of  course,  Governor 
Johnson,  I  have  a  warm  place  and  affection  in  my  heart  for  the 
great  Gopher  State,  the  North  Star  State. 

We  are  indeed  glad  of  the  opportunity  afforded  by  the  visit  of 
Governor  Hughes,  to  entertain  so  distinguished  a  guest  as  the  Chief 
Executive  of  the  great  Empire  State.  I  can  assure  you  that  the 
great  work  you  are  doing  in  replacing  old  and  discredited  political 
practices,  grown  up  under  a  system  of  bossism  and  servitude  to 
special  interests,  by  constitutional  methods  and  democratic  prin- 
ciples, has  been  watched  with  as  much  interest  here  as  in  your  home 
State.  The  entire  country  has  followed  with  deep  interest  your 
efforts  to  re-establish  the  principles  of  representative  government 
as  interpreted  by  the  founders  of  this  country,  and  the  success  which 
has  attained  your  course  is  proof  sufficient  that  our  institutions 
are  fundamentally  right  and  that  "government  of  the  people,  by 
the  people,  for  the  people,"  is  not  now  merely  a  rhetorical  phrase. 

We,  of  the  State  of  Washington,  feel  that  our  State  is  destined 
to  assume  the  same  relative  importance  on  this  coast  that  New  York 


NEW    YORK    DAY  89 

occupies  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  Much  of  the  advantage  of  our 
position  here  is  due  to  the  acquirement  of  Alaska  by  a  former  Gov- 
ernor of  New  York,  who,  as  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States, 
negotiated  the  purchase  of  that  immense  territory,  a  transaction 
which  was  then  denounced  as  pure  folly,  but  the  wisdom  of  which 
has  been  vindicated  many  times  over  in  recent  years. 

The  State  of  Washington  deeply  appreciates  the  participation 
by  the  State  of  New  York  in  this  Exposition  and  is  indeed  grateful 
for  the  assistance  rendered  in  the  erection  here  of  the  handsome 
State  building;  a  replica  of  the  home  of  William  H.  Seward,  whose 
prescient  statesmanship  recognized  the  possibilities  of  the  develop- 
ment and  future  commercial  importance  of  the  great  Northwest. 

Again,  I  wish  to  assure  you  of  the  pleasure  your  visit  gives  to 
the  people  of  the  State  of  Washington,  and  on  behalf  of  this  Common- 
wealth, I  extend,  through  you,  greetings  to  the  people  of  the  Empire 
State. 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

This  toast,  The  Empire  State,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  will  be 
responded  to  by  Hon.  Charles  E.  Hughes,  Governor  of  New  York. 

GOVERNOR  HUGHES  (who  was  received  with  round  after  round  of 

applause)  said: 

Mr.  President,  Governor  Hay,  Governor  Johnson,  Ladies  and 
Gentlemen:  I  came  to  Seattle  with  the  anticipation  of  witness- 
ing evidences  of  enterprise,  scenery  of  the  utmost  charm,  and  of 
enjoying  a  few  hours  of  most  delightful  respite.  I  have  seen  as  yet 
but  a  fraction  of  the  remarkable  exposition  which  has  brought  us 
together.  I  am  sure  you  will  pardon  me  if  I  say  that  in  all  that  I 
may  see  and  in  all  that  you  have  provided  of  beauty  nothing  will 
equal  what  I  see  before  me  to-night.  The  beauty  and  the  bravery  of 
Seattle  have  gathered  here  and  New  York  is  honored  by  having  the 
opportunity  of  entertaining  that  which  expresses  better  than  any  of 
the  statistics  of  wealth  the  vigor  and  loveliness  of  the  city  which 
you  call  your  home. 


90  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

I  have  attended  dinners  of  various  societies  of  other  States  in  the 
State  of  New  York.  I  have  constantly  toasted  the  pride  and  glory  of 
other  commonwealths,  and  I  assure  you  it  affords  me  the  rarest  pleas- 
ure in  another  State  to  respond  to  the  toast  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

I  am  reminded  of  the  old  story  of  the  catechism.  A  boy  was 
asked  the  difference  between  the  Lord  and  the  devil,  and  he  said 
that  "the  Lord  excelled  the  devil  in  original  power,  but  the  devil 
made  up  for  it  in  infernal  activity."  I  shall  not  attempt  to  criticise 
the  activities  of  the  West.  (Laughter.)  I  know  that  you  no  longer 
speak  of  the  wise  men  of  the  East.  You  are  accustomed  to  think 
and  sometimes  to  speak  of  the  wicked  men  of  the  East.  We  are 
supposed  to  be  a  set  of  sordid  money  grabbers.  I  would  not  contest 
the  palm  with  any  western  State  in  that  respect.  (Laughter.)  In 
fact  if  it  were  not  for  some  of  the  western  importations  I  think  our 
character  would  be  vastly  improved.  (Laughter.) 

But  we  indeed  marvel  at  the  West.  As  I  journeyed  across 
Montana,  and  thought  that  in  Montana  we  had  an  equivalent  in 
area  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  and  Massachusetts 
and  Connecticut,  I  could  not  but  marvel  at  the  opportunities  that 
were  offered  for  enterprise.  And  then  I  thought  of  the  population 
in  that  great  area,  scarcely  more  than  that  of  Rochester  and,  I  believe, 
less  than  that  of  Buffalo  —  cities  within  a  few  miles  of  each  other. 
Then  we  think  of  Texas,  with  nearly  twice  the  area  of  Montana,  and 
of  Alaska  with  more  than  twice  the  area  of  Texas,  and  imagination 
becomes  fatigued  in  contemplating  the  possibilities  of  the  vast  empire 
that  we  include  within  our  national  boundaries. 

Now,  I  had  the  western  fever  very  young.  When  a  boy  my 
father  brought  me  a  book,  giving  an  account  of  the  wonders  of  Minne- 
sota, and  I  thought  if  I  grew  up  to  be  a  man  I  should  journey  to 
Minnesota,  and  if  it  had  not  been  for  an  opening  in  New  York  at  a 
critical  time  when  I  left  the  law  school  I  should  be  one  of  the  subjects 
of  our  good  friend,  Governor  Johnson,  to-night. 

But  I  love  the  State  of  New  York.  I  was  born  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  few  years  I  have  passed  my 


NEW    YORK    DAY  91 

life  there.  We  have  our  difficulties  in  New  York.  We  have  one 
of  the  greatest  German  cities  in  the  world ;  we  have  one  of  the  greatest 
Italian  cities  in  the  world,  and  one  of  the  greatest  American  cities. 
(Cheers.)  We  have  a  problem  of  fusion  —  both  kinds  of  fusion,  the 
larger  fusion  as  well  as  the  political;  and,  take  it  all  in  all,  we  are 
meeting  the  problem  fairly  well. 

The  activities  of  a  great  State  like  New  York  are  sometimes 
little  appreciated.  We  are  spending,  or  we  have  arranged  to  spend, 
fifty  million  dollars  upon  the  improvements  of  our  roads  (cheers), 
and  we  have  developed  a  system  of  highway  supervision,  largely 
taking  account  of  the  very  successful  work  done  in  Massachusetts, 
which  we  think  will  be  second  to  none  in  the  country.  Without 
assistance  from  the  Federal  government,  we  are  developing  our 
waterways,  and  we  are  spending  over  a  hundred  million  dollars  in 
the  improvement  of  our  barge  canal.  Everything  that  appertains  to 
the  development  of  the  commerce  of  the  State  enlists  a  large  and 
influential  support. 

We  are  perfecting  our  statutes  as  to  supervision.  I  think  it 
would  be  difficult  to  find  a  better  code  of  banking  laws  than  we  have 
in  the  State  of  New  York.  In  our  recent  legislation  we  have  been 
trying  to  deal  justly  with  public  service  corporations,  to  see  that 
every  question  is  examined  on  its  merits,  that  agitation  shall  not  have 
the  opportunity  which  is  due  to  lack  of  proper  investigation  of  griev- 
ances —  making  sure  that  the  corporation  on  the  one  hand  and  the 
public  on  the  other  shall  have  a  fair  hearing.  While  we  have  a 
great  many  difficulties  in  connection  with  the  administration  of 
government  —  dealing  with  nine  millions  of  people  and  such  a 
variety  of  interests  —  you  will  find  in  every  community  in  the  State, 
practically  without  exception,  a  body  of  men  uniting  together  solely 
for  the  purpose  of  civic  betterment.  Nothing  is  more  remarkable 
in  our  life  than  the  groups  of  men  in  almost  every  county  and  in 
many  of  our  villages  and  in  all  our  cities  who  are  devoting  themselves 
unselfishly,  without  thought  of  reward  in  office  or  money,  to  the 
betterment  of  social  conditions,  to  wise  philanthropy,  to  the  encour- 


92  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

agement  of  proper  civic  pride.  Many  of  you  have  come,  perhaps, 
from  New  York  and  have  the  advantage  of  knowing  the  western 
life  and  the  eastern  point  of  view.  I  hope  that  you  will  prove  to  be 
a  means  of  adjustment,  so  that  we  shall  not  only  take  a  mutual 
pride  in  the  great  achievements  which  reflect  credit  on  the  American 
name,  but  we  shall  have  that  understanding  of  each  other  and  that 
fellowship  and  sense  of  unity  of  purpose  and  that  appreciation  of 
common  and  high  ideals  which  are  essential  to  true  citizenship  in  a 
great  democracy. 

The  West  is  very  direct  and  straightforward,  and  we  in  the  East 
are  sometimes  accused  of  paying  too  much  attention  to  form;  of 
encouraging  here  and  there  snobbishness,  both  intellectual  and 
social,  and  we  share  to  some  extent  in  the  discredit  which  attaches 
to  the  effete  nations  of  despotic  Europe.  But,  after  all,  we  are  not 
so  different,  we  are  just  about  alike,  all  of  us.  In  our  little  area  of 
opportunity  we  are  trying  to  cultivate  our  chances  and  we  are  just 
as  eager  to  get  the  right  thing  in  New  York  as  you  are  in  Seattle, 
and  you  are  as  eager  to  do  right  here  as  we  are  in  New  York.  We 
are  fast  getting  rid  of  sectional  prejudice  in  this  country.  The  blue 
and  the  gray  meet  together  and  the  veterans  of  the  awful  struggle 
of  the  Civil  War  fraternize  in  delightful  companionship.  So  it  is 
and  should  be  with  the  East  and  the  West,  which  should  be  knit 
together,  not  simply  by  commercial  relations,  not  simply  by  oppor- 
tunities to  make  money,  but  by  reason  of  mutual  respect  and  affection. 

We  in  the  East  recognize  that  you,  in  large  measure,  are  fighting 
the  battle  for  the  country.  You  have  rare  opportunity  —  success 
in  taking  advantage  of  which  spells  prosperity  for  the  Union.  I 
traveled  with  a  man  through  Yellowstone  Park  the  other  day  who 
seemed  to  have  an  idea  that  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  there 
was  standing  room  only.  He  was  surprised  that  there  were  any 
lands  at  all  in  New  York  which  were  not  actually  used,  if  not  stood 
upon,  by  the  inhabitants.  The  idea  that  we  had  a  forest  reserve 
in  New  York  of  over  1,300,000  acres  of  forest  land  for  the  benefit 
of  all  the  people  seemed  extraordinary  to  him.  We  are  a  trifle 


NEW   YORK   DAY  93 

crowded.  I  know  what  you  mean  when  you  say  you  have  elbow- 
room  out  here.  I  have  "expanded"  since  I  came  here.  I  feel  the 
intoxication  of  this  air  and  this  spirit  of  aggressiveness  is  contagious. 
I  read  the  other  day  that  you  were  going  to  make  Seattle  Day  at 
your  fair  the  greatest  day  at  the  Exposition,  and  someone  said  they 
had  started  a  slogan  "I'll  be  there."  That  struck  a  responsive 
chord  with  me.  I  said,  "That  is  the  spirit  that  we  must  have  in  all 
our  work,  'I'll  be  there.'  "  In  New  York  they  think  that  New  York 
is  going  to  "be  there"  all  the  time;  they  feel  that  things  will  go  on 
just  about  the  same,  and  they  are  taking  it  for  granted.  It  is  a 
splendid  thing  to  feel  that  co-operative  work  is  essential;  that  men 
must  work  together  and  find  their  individual  opportunities  in  mutual 
helpfulness  and  in  trying  to  build  up  everything  that  makes  for  the 
prosperity  of  the  place  they  call  their  home. 

I  love  New  York.  We  have  in  our  beautiful  valleys,  in  our 
charming  hill  country,  in  our  lovely  lakes,  in  the  majestic  Hudson 
that  moves  with  stateliness  to  the  sea,  in  our  fertile  lands,  in  our 
picturesque  villages  and  teeming  cities,  the  treasures  and  the  pride 
of  one  of  the  most  prosperous  commonwealths  the  world  knows. 
Yes,  I  love  New  York,  and  at  the  same  time  I  do  admire  your  western 
spirit.  And  I  must  say  that  I  feel  that  I  have  a  great  deal  in  com- 
mon with  you  because  a  man  in  this  world,  no  matter  where  he  is, 
whether  in  the  East  or  the  West,  has  just  a  few  years  to  live,  a  short 
time  in  which  to  express  himself,  a  little  opportunity  to  exercise 
whatever  talent  he  may  have;  and,  as  I  understand  it,  the  western 
spirit  is  to  make  the  most  of  that  little  time,  to  give  the  best  expres- 
sion to  that  individuality,  to  get  the  rewards  that  are  honestly  due 
to  the  constant  putting  forth  of  effort  in  the  exercise  of  that  God- 
given  power.  That  is  what  we  want  in  the  North  and  the  South 
and  the  East  and  the  West. 

The  charm  of  this  beautiful  city  has  suggested  to  me  that  it 
was  impossible  you  should  go  on  in  your  development  without  pro- 
ducing a  poet.  Surrounded  as  you  are  by  inspiring  mountains  and 
with  your  outlook,  with  everything  to  encourage  sentiment,  I  have 


94  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

thought  you  must  produce  the  epic  of  the  Northwest.  And  yet  I 
must  confess  that  the  idea  of  a  Seattle  poet  strikes  me  as  a  little 
incongruous.  When  you  get  through  with  your  exposition  and  you 
have  established  your  half  million  or  million  inhabitants  by  census 
(laughter)  —  by  the  way,  I  should  hate  to  be  a  census  taker  in 
Seattle;  I  would  rather  be  Governor  of  New  York,  and  that  is  saying 
a  good  deal  —  but  after  you  have  passed  that,  and  your  university 
has  ten  million  a  year  at  the  expiration  of  the  fifty-year  lease  of 
which  I  have  heard,  when  all  the  things  that  Seattle  is  waiting  for 
have  come  true,  you  may  have  the  poet  of  the  future;  and  if  he  can 
write  of  Seattle  he  will  do  as  well  as  a  painter  who  can  paint  the  grand 
canyon  of  the  Yellowstone. 

But  what  I  have  said  is  really  without  proper  regard  for  the 
blessing  that  you  now  enjoy,  for  indeed  you  have  a  poet.  When  I 
opened  my  mail  this  morning  I  found  a  sonnet  written  by  a  Seattle 
man  and  copied  for  me  on  Mount  Rainier,  to  which  it  refers.  It  is 
a  sonnet  by  Professor  Meany,  and  it  so  beautifully  expresses  what 
I  would  say  and  seems  to  sound  so  truly  the  note  of  this  hour  that 
I  will  close  my  remarks  by  reading  it. 


"  Thou  king,  in  ermine  robes  of  crystal  snow, 
Lift  high  thy  royal  head,  serene  and  proud, 
Disdain  the  stress  of  storm  embattled  cloud 
That  we  on  earth  thy  majesty  may  know. 
Thy  crown  in  myriad  hues  doth  glint  and  glow  — 
A  lure  for  some  in  each  swift  hurrying  crowd 
Whose  hopes  are  raised  and  hearts  anew  are  vowed 
To  catch,  like  thee,  God's  light  and  onward  throw. 
May  now  thy  imaged  grandeur  live  and  burn 
In  brain  of  men  who  scan  thy  glistening  dome, 
Who  cut  the  mooring  cord  and  listless  roam ; 
Give  them  the  wit  to  mountain  magic  learn; 
That  lofty  heights  but  type  the  souls  that  yearn 
For  supreme  love  in  perfect  human  home." 


3    I 

CO 

I 


NEW  YORK  DAY  95 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

Another  great  State  is  represented  here  this  evening  by  another 
great  man,  the  State,  the  twin  cities  of  which  might  be  called  the 
eastern  gateway  to  the  Pacific  coast.  The  man  who  represents  that 
State  is  a  man  who  has  been  honored  by  his  own  people  as  almost 
no  other  man  has  been  honored  by  the  people  of  his  State  in  the 
history  of  the  United  States.  Twice,  when  a  presidential  candidate 
carried  his  State  against  his  party  by  an  overwhelming  majority,  the 
people  of  his  State  have  given  him  an  overwhelming  majority  at  the 
same  election.  Such  an  honor  is  seldom  bestowed  upon  any  man 
and  such  confidence  is  seldom  placed  in  any  man  by  the  people  of 
any  State. 

I  take  pleasure,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  in  requesting  the  Hon. 
John  A.  Johnson,  Governor  of  Minnesota,  to  respond  to  the  toast 
of  "The  Great  Northwest." 

The  Hon.  John  A.  Johnson  (who  was  received  with  loud  and 
continuous  cheering)  spoke  as  follows: 

GOVERNOR  JOHNSON  : 

Mr.  President,  Your  Excellency,  the  Governor  of  the  Empire 
State,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen :  I  count  it  indeed  a  great  privilege  to 
be  permitted  to  be  present  upon  this  occasion  when  you  do  honor 
to  the  great  Governor  of  the  greatest  State  of  the  Union.  I  count 
it  also  a  great  privilege  to  be  requested  at  this  time  to  say  just  a 
word  in  behalf  of  the  Great  Northwest,  and  yet  I  am  undecided  as 
to  how  to  approach  that  subject.  We  have,  as  you  know,  out  in 
this  country,  and  which  possibly  you  provincials  east  of  the  Alle- 
gheny mountains  are  not  aware  of,  two  great  northwests:  that  of 
which  I  am  a  part,  and  the  great  Pacific  Northwest,  of  which  we  in 
the  eastern  Northwest  are  very  sincerely  jealous. 

I  shall,  I  think,  by  the  very  force  of  natural  circumstances,  of 
which  I  am  best  familiar  myself,  possibly  be  very  brief  in  my  allu- 
sions to  the  Great  Northwest.  Those  of  us  who  come  from  the 
middle  section  into  this  country  occasionally  are  overwhelmed  with 


96  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

delight  and  surprise  as  we  contemplate  the  variety  and  vastness  of 
these  regions.  It  was  my  good  fortune  to  come  into  the  Northwest 
some  three  and  a  half  or  four  years  ago.  We  have  heard  of  Mount 
Rainier,  and  we  went  on  Washington  Heights  to  behold  Mount 
Rainier,  and  whether  it  was  obscured  or  not  visible  at  that  time 
from  here  I  know  not,  but  we  did  not  see  Mount  Rainier.  Time 
has  worked  wonders  because  now  the  stranger  can  easily  behold 
Mount  Rainier  even  from  Seattle.  (Laughter.) 

This  is  a  great  Northwest,  and  one  has  but  to  come  into  it  to 
appreciate  that  even  to  such  an  extent  as  to  nonplus  the  man  who 
beholds  it.  As  I  say,  three  and  a  half  years  ago  I  came  here,  and 
to-day  I  come  into  an  entirely  new  country,  different  entirely  from 
the  country  I  saw  three  or  four  years  ago.  Its  wonderful  develop- 
ment has  been  a  matter  of  amazement  and  wonder  to  me,  and  I 
often  think  as  I  come  here  on  such  an  occasion  as  this  how  pleasant 
it  would  be  if  in  going  east  of  the  Alleghenies  we  might  find  a  similar 
transformation. 

Coming  through  the  State  of  Montana,  to  which  Governor 
Hughes  alluded,  I  was  equally  impressed  with  its  wonderful  mileage 
and  acres.  I  had  to  change  my  watch  twice  in  the  State  of  Montana. 
In  New  York  one  has  to  be  very  careful  whether  someone  changes 
his  watch  once.  (Laughter.)  But  this  is  a  great  section.  A  man 
said  to  me  in  Montana,  "This  is  God's  country;"  and  this  is  God's 
country.  You  view  Mount  Shasta  and  Mount  Hood  and  Rainier 
and  the  Olympic  mountains,  and  one  is  touched  with  the  majesty 
and  beauty  of  it  all.  New  York  applies  a  touch,  but  it  is  in  Wall 
street.  (Laughter.) 

This  section,  with  its  enterprise  and  energy  and  because  of  its 
character,  is  making  its  impression  upon  the  continent.  This  great 
gateway  out  into  the  Pacific  ocean,  leading  in  the  north  into  terri- 
tory which  was  not  considered  worth  "A  pinch  of  snuff"  by  many 
who  opposed  its  purchase,  is  destined  to  become  the  great  com- 
mercial metropolis  of  the  West,  and  I  believe  in  my  time  we  shall 
see  here  the  greatest  city  west  of  the  Mississippi  river.  People  will 


NEW   YORK    DAY  97 

come  here  because  it  is  God's  country.  He  made  it  logically  that 
gateway,  and  people  will  come  also  because  men  and  women  here 
realize  that  while  God  made  some  things  He  asked  man  to  help  Him 
out  in  their  embellishment. 

This  great  western  country  is  not  properly  understood  by  the 
East  and  when  I  speak  of  the  East  now  I  am  speaking  of  my  view 
as  well  as  the  view  of  Gov.  Hughes  and  it  is  possibly  fortunate  for 
me  that  I  can  refer  to  the  East  as  being  my  country  here  and  when 
I  go  to  Gov.  Hughes'  country  I  can  refer  to  the  West  as  being  my 
country.  I  am  conveniently  situated  on  the  border  line  so  that  I 
belong  both  to  the  East  and  to  the  West.  But  when  you  stop 
to  think  that  less  than  or  about  a  hundred  years  ago  a  couple  of 
men,  Lewis  and  Clark,  started  from  the  East  to  trace  this  wilderness, 
and  they  found  it  practically  a  wilderness,  that  even  within  the 
memory  of  men  living  to-day  there  has  come  this  wonderful  develop- 
ment which  finds  its  highest  and  best  expression  in  this  magnificent 
exposition,  it  startles  men  to  think  of  it.  I  think  it  was  Josiah 
Quincy  —  I  am  not  sure  —  who  opposed  the  introduction  of  Louis- 
iana into  the  Union  and  I  think  some  man  about  that  same  time 
said  that  the  whole  country  west  of  the  Mississippi  river  was  not 
worth  a  pinch  of  snuff.  Eli  Perkins,  I  think  it  was  —  and  he  used 
to  live  in  New  York  sometimes  (laughter),  but  there  are  men  there 
whose  veracity  has  improved  since  Eli's  time  —  who  said  the  entire 
west  from  Bismarck,  Minnesota  —  fortunately  for  us,  Bismarck  is 
located  in  North  Dakota  —  to  the  southwest  part  of  California  was 
a  desert.  It  would  be  the  finest  geographical  problem  which  could 
present  itself  to  any  man  to  find  a  desert  spot  anywhere  west  of  the 
Mississippi  river.  Irrigation,  the  work  of  man,  generally  has 
transformed  the  entire  region  until  to-day  west  of  the  Mississippi 
river  there  are  something  like  thirty  millions  of  energetic  excellent 
people  possessed  of  the  same  culture  as  might  be  found  east  of  the 
Allegheny  mountains.  It  produces  the  foodstuffs  for  not  only  our 
country  but  for  a  large  percentage  of  the  people  abroad.  The  State 
of  Montana  furnishes  one-half  of  all  the  copper  used  in  industrial 


98  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

activity.  The  State  of  Idaho  produces  one-half  of  all  the  lead 
found  in  this  country.  One  little  county  in  my  own  State  —  I  could 
speak  of  eighty-four  counties  if  I  chose  —  produces  one-half  of  all 
the  iron  produced  in  the  western  hemisphere  and  one-quarter  of  all 
the  iron  produced  in  the  world.  And  yet  a  young  lady  at  Pittsburg 
—  and  I  am  purposely  translating  her  from  New  York  to  Pittsburg 
because  I  have  said  enough  unkind  things  about  New  York  —  as 
she  was  proceeding  on  her  bridal  tour  into  the  West  or  talking  about 
it,  when  I  said  to  her,  if  you  are  going  west  you  will  come  into  Minne- 
sota, she  replied,  "I  don't  know,  we  are  going  over  the  Great  Lakes 
and  I  don't  know  whether  they  touch  Minnesota  or  not;"  yet  the 
city  of  Pittsburg  would  become  a  desert  industrially  but  for  the 
iron  we  send  there;  and  the  United  States  Steel  Company  puts 
iron  into  the  industrial  life  of  the  country  and  into  the  souls  of 
the  people  as  well.  (Laughter.) 

I  stood  a  few  weeks  ago  on  the  very  spot  in  Jamestown  where 
Pocahontas  was  baptized  and  later  I  think  married  to  Rolfe  and  I 
thought  of  the  progress  made  by  the  United  States.  To-day  as  ever, 
the  march  of  civilization  has  been  west  as  it  has  ever  been  for  the 
last  thousand  or  two  thousand  years  and  to-day  we  have  not  only 
ninety  millions  of  people  but  we  have  them  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
and  another  eastern  country  exemplified  on  this  ground  as  I  saw 
them  to-day.  We  are  becoming  a  world  power  with  our  possessions. 
I  wish  some  of  these  people  were  a  trifle  better  clad,  but  I  am  quite 
sure  our  industry  will  take  into  that  country  a  prosperity  which  will 
enable  them  to  buy  at  least  one  suit  of  clothes  during  the  year.  What 
I  have  said  in  the  way  of  praise  of  this  northwest  section  has  not 
been  to  discount  the  great  East,  because  we  all  appreciate,  we  of 
the  West,  what  the  East  has  done  and  is  doing;  we  all  realize  that 
New  York  city  is  the  great  hopper  into  which  we  put  our  prosperity 
and  we  send  it  down  there  in  order  that  there  may  be  blessing  in 
the  city  of  New  York  as  well  as  in  this  country.  It  is  a  great  country 
and  seriously  reflects  its  virtue  over  all  the  country. 

Governor  Hughes  spoke  of  some  of  the  laws  of  New  York 


NEW   YORK   DAY  99 

State.  Two  years  ago  the  commissioner  of  insurance  of  the  State 
of  Minnesota  had  written  into  the  statutes  what  was  confessedly  the 
best  code  of  insurance  possessed  by  any  nation,  and  the  man  sits  at 
the  head  of  this  table  who  is  responsible  for  every  line,  syllable  and 
punctuation  mark  of  all  that  code  of  insurance  law. 

Seattle  and  New  York  —  they  stand  there  like  great  mountain 
peaks  to  be  worshipped  and  loved  and  respected  by  the  people  of 
all  sections  and  we  of  the  middle  west  love  to  look  at  Mount  Rainier 
in  Seattle,  and  the  great  mountain  of  enterprise  and  virtue,  and 
everything  else  on  the  eastern  seaboard,  and  yet  do  you  know 
that  people  who  live  don't  care  after  all  to  live  on  the  summits  of 
mountains  of  either  end ;  they  live  in  the  valley,  and  Seward  described 
the  great  center  and  great  valley  of  the  country  as  being  the  city  of 
St.  Paul. 

Gov.  Hughes  was  not  the  only  great  man  from  New  York  who 
could  see  the  great  national  situation.  Seward  saw  it  as  I  doubt 
whether  this  illustrious  citizen  sees  it  to-day. 

My  friends,  I  do  indeed  count  it  a  great  privilege  to  be  here  on 
this  occasion  to  do  honor  to  one  of  the  great  men  of  this  country. 
He  said,  had  he  been  a  migratory  bird,  rather  nomadic  than  gre- 
garious, he  might  have  been  a  subject  of  mine.  If  he  had  come 
then,  I  would  have  been  a  subject  of  his  in  my  State  and  every  man 
and  woman  in  the  United  States  would  to-day  be  a  subject  of  Charles 
E.  Hughes  of  New  York.  (Loud  applause.) 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

While  we  all  appreciate  the  most  eloquent  remarks  of  Gov. 
Johnson  of  Minnesota,  there  was  one  slight  reflection  he  cast  upon 
our  Exposition  that  did  not  exactly  appeal  to  me.  The  Governor 
does  not  know  that  Dr.  Matthews,  Judge  Burke,  Gov.  Hughes  and 
myself  personally  inspected  those  Igorrotes  and  determined  that 
they  had  all  the  clothes  they  should  wear. 


100  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

GOVERNOR  JOHNSON: 

I  think  it  was  Bill  Nye  who  said  that  his  best  thoughts  always 
came  after  he  got  through  speaking  and  your  president  has  reminded 
me  now  of  one  thing  I  had  intended  to  say.  I  came  to  this  Exposition. 
I  had  been  to  Chicago  and  that  is  saying  enough.  I  went  to  St. 
Louis,  and  to  Buffalo,  and  Omaha,  and  I  wanted  to  say  that  of 
all  the  expositions  I  have  ever  seen  the  Exposition  at  Seattle  was  the 
gem  of  all  of  them  and  that  while  Nature  put  her  artistic  hand  upon 
all  things  round  her,  the  finest  and  best  architects  of  the  world  have 
placed  upon  it  a  touch  which  makes  it  the  gem  of  all  expositions 
held  in  the  United  States.  (Loud  applause.) 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

I  am  glad  I  called  the  Governor's  attention  to  that  mistake. 
(Laughter.) 

We  have  with  us  this  evening  Mr.  Clyde  E.  Stevens,  one  of  the 
alumni  of  Brown  University,  of  which  Gov.  Hughes  is  a  graduate. 
Mr.  Stevens  will  reply  to  the  toast  of  Brown  University. 

MR.  STEVENS: 

With  all  respect  to  Gov.  Johnson  I  want  to  say  that  I  think  it 
was  Mark  Twain  who  said  that  he  made  his  best  after-dinner  speeches 
on  his  way  home  after  the  banquet  —  all  the  things  he  had  forgotten 
to  say  at  the  banquet.  I  have  not  forgotten  my  speech  but  I  must 
admit  that  the  triumvirate  of  statesmen  who  have  preceded  me 
have  stolen  all  my  thoughts.  I  am  in  the  position  of  the  boy  who 
went  to  a  picnic.  He  was  apparently  very  hungry  and  all  the  good 
ladies  thought  it  was  due  to  them  to  see  that  the  boy  had  a  good 
feed  and  each  of  them  encouraged  him  to  have  a  piece  of  pie  until 
the  boy  was  full,  and  one  lady  said,  "Johnnie,  here  is  a  piece  of 
pie,  will  you  eat  this?"  and  Johnnie  said,  "I  can  chew  it  but  I  can't 
swallow  it." 

I  am  sure  I  express  the  sentiments  of  every  one  present  as  well  as 
the  alumni  of  Brown  University  and  Cornell  and  Colgate,  all  of  which 


NEW   YORK   DAY  101 

Gov.  Hughes  knows  something  of,  when  I  say  that  there  is  something 
more  than  ordinarily  interesting  about  this  occasion.  We  are  met 
to  commemorate  the  visit  of  Gov.  Hughes  to  this  State  and  it  is  a 
pleasure  to  me  and  an  honor  to  officiate  on  this  occasion.  Gov. 
Hughes  in  1881  graduated  at  Brown  University  and  upon  our  hearing 
of  his  coming  to  Seattle  we  naturally  began  to  recall  the  old  days,  and 
some  of  his  classmates,  or  one  at  least  who  is  not  here  at  this  time, 
recalled  some  of  the  anecdotes  that  happened  to  Gov.  Hughes  at 
the  time  he  was  there.  Those  reminiscences  and  recollections  crowd 
my  mind  although  our  terms  of  sojourn  there  may  have  been  widely 
separated.  He  was  there  some  twenty  years  before  I  was,  neverthe- 
less, we  walked  up  and  down  the  same  paths  and  over  the  same 
campus  and  cheered  and  played  in  the  same  athletic  field  and  attended 
lectures  in  the  same  hall  and  it  all  comes  back  to  us,  though  we  were 
not  there  at  the  same  time. 

But  Brown  University  welcomes  Gov.  Hughes  as  the  man. 
The  standard  of  ideal  in  Brown  University  has  always  been  high 
and  no  youth  ever  passed  through  the  halls  without  feeling  the  thrill 
and  inspiration  of  old  masters.  Gov.  Hughes  is  carrying  out  the 
ideal  which  has  been  set  up  and  carried  out  by  all  or  nearly  all  who 
have  made  themselves  a  name  in  this  country  and  there  are  many 
who  have  come  from  Brown  University  who  are  standing  and  have 
stood  rather  high.  I  might  mention  just  a  few  who  are  to-day  stand- 
ing high  in  the  educational  world  —  President  Angell  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  Chancellor  Andrews  of  the  University  of 
Nebraska,  President  Faunce  of  Brown  University,  and  President 
Wheeler  of  the  University  of  California.  There  are  many  men  also 
from  the  old  university  who  have  become  eminent  in  the  State,  Secre- 
tary Olding,  Secretary  John  Hay  and  Gov.  Charles  E.  Hughes. 

We  welcome  Gov.  Hughes  in  the  spirit  of  the  old  university. 
We  would  like  to  welcome  him  once  more  in  the  interests  of  Seattle. 
We  have  come  here  to  live  the  rest  of  our  lives  and  we  take  a  great 
deal  of  pride  in  our  city  and  our  home  and  Gov.  Hughes'  visit  here 
simply  makes  us  feel  that  we  are  glad  he  is  interested  in  us.  We 


102  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

believe  we  have  a  New  York  of  the  Pacific  started  here.  We  have 
what  we  consider  a  gateway  to  a  large  portion  of  the  future  commer- 
cial trade  of  the  world.  We  will  admit  that  Seattle  at  the  present 
time  is  upon  the  operating  table,  but  probably  in  a  few  years  we  will 
have  the  superfluous  parts  removed  and  have  an  ideal  city.  There 
is  one  thing  I  would  like  to  impress  upon  Gov.  Hughes  and  I  am 
going  to  get  hold  of  him  privately  for  there  is  one  gentleman  he  has 
still  left  unreformed.  That  gentleman  took  occasion  to  write  a 
scintillating  and  sarcastic  article  in  one  of  the  Eastern  magazines. 
He  bounded  the  United  States  on  the  north  by  Canada,  on  the 
east  by  the  Atlantic  and  the  south  by  Mexico  and  the  gulf,  and  on 
the  west  by  Mount  Rainier.  That  offended  our  feelings  somewhat, 
but  we  believe  that  he  was  in  a  stupor  and  had  spent  the  greater 
part  of  his  time  in  the  Catskill  mountains  where  Rip  Van  Winkle 
had  his  long  sleep. 

We  welcome,  yea,  thrice  welcome  Gov.  Hughes  in  the  interests 
of  old  Brown  as  a  man  and  for  his  interest  in  us. 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

The  next  toast  will  be  responded  to  by  a  Seattle  man,  an  orator 
of  whom  we  are  all  proud,  a  citizen  of  whom  we  are  proud.  The 
toast  that  he  will  respond  to  will  be  "New  York,  Seattle  and  the 
Orient;"  the  response  will  be  made  by  the  Hon.  Thomas  Burke. 

HON.  THOMAS  BURKE: 

It  seems  an  ungracious  thing  first,  that  the  President  of  the 
Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  should  call  me  out  at  this  time 
and  it  is  a  still  more  ungracious  thing  to  respond  to  a  call.  I  think 
it  was  W.  M.  Evarts  who  once  said  when  called  upon  to  make  a 
speech  when  he  was  not  on  the  programme  that  he  had  better  be 
omitted;  that  he  was  like  a  parenthetical  clause  in  grammar  —  he 
could  be  omitted  without  affecting  the  sense.  All  the  adjectives  in 
the  English  language,  especially  all  the  good  ones,  have  been  exhausted 
in  praising  New  York  and  Minnesota  and  I  do  not  see  what  there 


NEW   YORK   DAY  103 

is  left  for  me  to  say.  The  Governor  of  New  York,  living  in  the 
effete  East  where  policy  is  an  important  thing,  was  too  polite  to  say 
anything  about  us  out  here  except  that  we  were  unconventional. 
Our  western  friend  from  Minnesota  overrated  the  truth  by  saying 
we  were  immodest,  going  without  clothes.  Those  are  the  only 
observations  that  I  can  recall  that  were  not  embellished  with  very 
flattering  adjectives.  I  am  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  York  and 
I  am  very  proud  of  the  fact.  I  had  to  leave  there  when  young 
because  there  was  no  prospect  of  my  making  a  living  if  I  remained 
there.  I  came  out  here  as  soon  as  I  was  able  to  do  it  and  have 
largely  made  my  living  thus  far  off  the  New  Yorkers.  I  have  never 
allowed  a  capitalist  from  New  York  to  escape  if  I  could  help  it.  One 
of  my  first  enterprises  in  that  line  was  engaging  some  of  them  to 
help  us  build  a  railroad  here.  They  put  in  some  money  but  I  found 
that  they  were  sharp  enough  to  insist  that  the  western  man  should 
put  in  an  equal  amount  or  a  little  more.  We  did  it  and  at  the  con- 
clusion they  had  all  the  money  and  they  had  a  receiver  for  the  road 
besides.  A  few  experiences  of  that  kind  have  taught  us  wisdom 
and  now  we  have  arrived  at  the  point  where  we  allow  the  New  York- 
ers to  come  here  and  put  in  all  the  money  and  have  all  the  railroads 
and  we  notice  when  they  do  that  that  they  never  have  a  receiver. 
They  do,  however,  proceed  in  the  receiving  business  in  another 
and  perhaps  a  more  pleasant  way,  but  we  have  been  able  by  reason 
of  the  richness  and  fertility  of  our  country  to  maintain  ourselves 
against  the  latter  kind  of  receivership.  But  in  spite  of  that  I  want 
to  say  for  the  State  of  Washington  and  for  the  character  of  its  people 
that  they  have  always  been  a  people  hospitable  to  capital.  They 
have  welcomed  it  here  and  they  have  endeavored  to  keep  it  when  it 
came  here.  But,  seriously,  this  has  been  a  community  hospitable 
to  capital.  Its  laws  are  distinguished  by  fairness  to  foreign  enter- 
prise. The  people  themselves  of  course  are  eastern  people  trans- 
planted. They  have  brought  with  them  a  sense  of  justice  and  fair- 
ness in  dealing  with  capital  as  well  as  labor. 

It  might  be  noted  here  that  it  was  only  within  the  last  ten  or  twelve 


104  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

years  that  we  ever  had  put  on  the  statute  book  a  statute  on  the  sub- 
ject of  usury,  and  we  profited  by  the  wisdom  which  prompted  that 
sort  of  thing  because  we  were  able,  by  that  attitude  toward  eastern 
capital  to  induce  those  of  far-seeing  ability  to  come  out  here  and 
engage  in  enterprises  in  a  community  where  they  felt  absolutely 
sure  that  their  interests  would  be  as  well  protected  by  the  laws  of 
the  territory,  as  it  then  was,  as  those  of  any  State  east  of  the  Allegheny 
mountains.  It  was  noteworthy  to  us  who  observe  the  effect  of  such 
an  attitude  that  when  our  rate  of  interest  in  this  State  was  lowered, 
although  a  State  with  less  population  than  our  two  neighbors  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  it  was  lower  than  they  could  command  to  the  south  of  us. 

We  are  familiar  with  the  great  service  which  has  been  rendered 
in  the  East  by  the  distinguished  representative  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  who  is  here  as  our  honored  guest  to-night,  and  there  is  nothing 
that  will  show  more  completely  the  unity  of  this  country  than  the 
fact  that  contrary  to  what  is  recorded  in  history  of  countries  in  other 
times  the  farther  away  you  go  from  the  seat  of  government  in  the 
United  States  the  more  intense  is  the  patriotism  and  the  prouder 
are  the  people  of  their  country. 

The  compliments  which  have  been  paid  to  Gov.  Hughes  at 
the  banquet  board  and  in  his  introduction  at  the  Auditorium  this 
afternoon  are  as  nothing  compared  with  the  genuine  compliment 
that  was  paid  to  him  by  the  hundreds  and  thousands  of  people  who 
gathered  in  these  grounds  before  that  meeting.  Any  one  who  passed 
through  those  crowds  might  have  heard  the  people  say,  "Where 
is  he  going  to  speak,  and  when:  can  you  direct  me  to  the  building?" 
There  was  more  genuine  sincerity  and  admiration  in  that  amongst 
the  people  who  had  never  looked  upon  his  face,  who  had  never  heard 
him  utter  a  word  than  it  would  be  possible  to  express  in  the  most 
eloquent  language  by  the  most  eloquent  speaker  at  this  or  any  other 
board.  And  why  is  it  that  people  three  thousand  miles  from  his 
home  take  such  an  interest  in  this  man  who  but  a  few  years  ago  was 
simply  engaged  in  private  practice  as  a  lawyer  in  the  city  of  New 
York  ?  It  is  because  they  know  that  he  has  recently  been  engaged 


NEW    YORK    DAY  105 

in  a  great  contest  where  the  forces  of  law  and  order  were  pitted 
against  the  forces  of  wickedness  and  they  know,  because  they  are 
readers  and  intelligent  people,  that  he  has  been  teaching  over  again 
that  lesson,  a  lesson  almost  forgotten  and  that  that  lesson  taught 
by  him  with  a  clearness  and  a  power  and  an  emphasis  that  has  led 
every  elector  in  every  State  of  the  Union  to  be  a  learner  of  that  lesson, 
and  that  is:  fairness  and  justice  and  impartial  enforcement  of  law 
in  this  country. 

I  want  to  say  one  thing  more.  I  have  not  heard  it  here  to-day 
but  I  have  heard  it  said,  I  have  heard  speakers  say,  "Well,  I  wish 
we  could  have  the  good  days  of  the  better  times  of  the  republic 
when  the  people  were  more  patriotic  and  more  observant  of  the 
law."  I  disagree  with  that  sentiment  entirely.  These  are  the  best 
days  of  the  republic.  (Applause.)  The  moral  and  intellectual 
standard  of  the  people  of  America  to-day  is  higher  than  it  ever  was 
before,  higher  than  it  is  amongst  the  people  of  any  other  nation, 
and  the  proof  is  plain  and  easy  and  it  is  furnished  in  the  example 
of  the  distinguished  guest  at  the  head  of  this  table.  When  he  was 
making  his  appeal  to  the  common  sense,  the  good  reason  and  the 
sense  of  justice  of  the  American  people  the  response  came  not  alone 
from  his  own  State  of  New  York,  but  it  was  listened  to  and  heeded 
in  every  hamlet  of  every  county  of  every  State  in  the  United  States. 
Suppose  that  appeal  had  been  made  to  an  ignorant,  unintelligent 
or  corrupt  people  or  electorate,  what  would  have  been  the  response  ? 
There  would  have  been  no  more  response  than  to  the  whistling  of 
the  wind.  We  have  sporadic  cases  of  corruption,  the  greatest  cases  of 
rapacity,  but  they  are  marked  with  universal  contempt  and  abhorence 
of  the  great  mass  of  the  people  and  this  shows  plainly  that  the  heart 
and  the  conscience  of  the  American  people  are  what  they  ought  to  be. 
We  are  under  a  debt  of  gratitude  in  every  part  of  the  United 
States  for  the  splendid  services  rendered  by  our  distinguished  guest. 
He  brings  home  to  us  the  very  tradition  of  the  earlier  —  not  the 
better  —  days  of  the  republic  when  merit  was  the  only  question  for 
office  and  when  the  office  sought  the  man  as  it  has  done  in  his  case. 


106  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

We  are  fortunate  in  having  at  our  board  to-night  another  dis- 
tinguished executive  officer,  one  of  whom  every  American  citizen 
may  well  be  proud;  a  man  whose  career  furnishes  an  example  and 
inspiration  to  every  poor  boy  and  every  ambitious  boy  in  every 
humble  home  from  one  end  of  this  country  to  the  other;  a  man  whose 
life  and  career  is  an  absolute  refutation  of  the  calumny  which  we 
hear  uttered  against  this  country  that  the  door  of  opportunity  to-day 
is  shut  to  the  poor  boy  and  to  the  boy  without  strong  friends  to  favor 
him;  for  he  has  shown  in  his  own  career  the  very  reverse  of  that  and 
has  shown  that  the  opportunities  which  mark  office  to-day  in  her 
equal  laws,  in  her  high  sense  of  justice,  in  her  impartial  treatment 
of  rich  and  poor  furnishes  greater  opportunities  than  any  other 
country  in  the  world  can  give  or  any  other  country  in  the  world  has 
ever  shown.  If  these  two  men  have  never  done  anything  more  than 
to  demonstrate  that  there  still  remains  and  forever  will  remain  in 
America  an  open  field  and  no  favor,  the  same  chance  for  the  boy 
from  the  lowly  hut,  from  the  poor  cottage,  that  there  is  for  the  boy 
that  comes  from  the  palace,  they  would  have  rendered  an  inestimable 
service  to  the  American  people  and  to  the  American  electorate. 

I  know  we  will  all  unite  in  expressing  our  sincere  thanks  to  these 
gentlemen  for  honoring  us  with  their  presence  here  to-day.  (Loud 
applause.) 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

The  Atlantic  and  Pacific  of  course  love  the  navy.  Admiral 
Evans  informed  me  that  which  I  did  not  know,  that  the  warmest 
support  of  the  navy  came  from  the  Central  States,  including  the 
great  State  of  Minnesota.  Now  I  feel  we  would  all  be  disappointed 
if  Admiral  Sebree  did  not  respond  to  the  toast  of  the  Navy. 

ADMIRAL  SEBREE: 

After  hearing  the  Governor  of  New  York  and  the  Governor  of 
Minnesota,  and  Judge  Burke,  I  don't  think  you  want  to  hear  much 
from  me.  I  am  very  glad  to  be  here  to-night.  Whether  it  is  New 


NEW   YORK    DAY  107 

York,  or  Washington,  or  Mississippi,  or  Minnesota,  or  any  other 
State,  we  of  the  Navy  are  with  you  all.  We  belong  to  the  whole 
nation.  I  did  not  know  I  was  to  be  called  on  or  I  would  have  had 
a  speech  written  out.  I  am  very  glad  to  see  the  Governor  of  New 
York  and  the  Governor  of  Minnesota  and  I  think  that  possibly  within 
the  next  four  or  five  years  one  of  them  will  be  my  commander-in- 
chief. 

I  have  the  honor  of  commanding  all  the  vessels  on  the  Pacific 
ocean.  We  have  not  got  as  many  here  as  I  would  like  to  have  on 
this  coast,  but  we  have  got  a  pretty  good  lot  and  I  will  say  to  the  peo- 
ple of  Seattle,  and  I  hope  the  Governors  will  stay  with  us,  that  our 
ships  will  be  here  on  the  18th,  and  I  shall  be  glad  to  see  the  Governors 
on  board  and  also  the  people  of  Seattle  and  the  people  of  the  Exposi- 
tion. (Applause.) 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

For  the  next  toast  I  will  call  on  the  Hon.  John  L.  Wilson,  ex- 
Senator  of  the  State  of  Washington. 

HON.  JOHN  L.  WILSON: 

I  supposed  I  was  to  have  the  exquisite  pleasure  of  being  left  out 
on  this  occasion;  however,  I  congratulate  myself  on  having  the  honor 
of  being  present  at  a  banquet  given  in  honor  of  two  distinguished 
guests,  the  Governor  of  New  York  and  the  Governor  of  Minnesota. 

The  Governor  of  New  York  seems  in  the  last  few  lines  of  his 
remarks  to  think  or  to  express  himself  that  we  are  sadly  in  need  of 
a  poet.  I  can  relieve  his  mind  by  telling  him  that  a  year  or  so  ago 
we  discovered  a  poet  in  our  midst.  Perhaps  some  of  our  friends 
have  forgotten  it.  The  lines  are  about  as  follows: 

"  There  was  an  old  chief  named  Seattle 
Who  owned  broad  lands  and  stole  many  cattle; 
The  white  man  came  along, 
Stole  his  land  and  his  cattle, 
And  that  is  the  spirit  of  Seattle." 


108  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Mr.  Governor,  there  is  one  little  historic  event,  when  there 
started  to  this  country  a  woman  from  the  great  Empire  State  of  New 
York  without  which  I  doubt  if  very  few  of  us  that  are  present  upon 
this  occasion  would  be  here  now.  It  is  entirely  due  to  a  good  woman 
who  leaving  the  altar  at  which  her  prayers  had  been  offered,  mounted 
her  horse  and  rode  from  a  little  village  in  the  State  of  New  York 
across  the  country  toward  the  Pacific.  She  opened  up  the  good 
book,  offered  a  prayer  to  Almighty  God  and  dedicated  this  country 
to  Christian  civilization.  It  is  a  picture  to  stand  out  upon  the  canvas, 
like  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  or  Paul  upon  the  hills  of 
Greece. 

We  are  under  many  obligations  to  the  great  Empire  State  and 
the  great  Empire  State  is  under  many  obligations  to  us  and  to  the 
people  west  of  the  great  Missouri  river,  because,  Mr.  Governor,  a 
little  band  of  men  with  the  rudest  and  crudest  of  transportation 
facilities  gave  to  the  world  a  commerce,  a  business,  and  a  trade, 
one-half  of  all  the  metallic  currency  of  the  world  without  which  the 
great  enterprises  which  emanated  from  your  business  center  would 
not  have  been  possible. 

Speaking  of  crossing  the  great  State  of  Montana,  giving  its 
size  as  you  did  give  it,  one  fact  remains  that  all  of  the  1,500,000,000 
of  people  who  inhabit  the  world  can  be  placed  in  the  State  of  Montana 
and  only  fifteen  to  the  acre.  California,  upon  the  Pacific  seaboard, 
would  stretch  from  Boston,  Massachusetts,  to  South  Carolina. 
Idaho,  that  has  given  out  of  her  mines  nearly  one-half  of  all  the  lead 
produced  in  the  United  States  and  has  given  to  the  world  of  commerce 
a  trade  of  $300,000,000  of  the  precious  metals,  would  extend  from 
Toronto  on  the  north,  to  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  on  the  south, 
and  the  southern  boundary  line  would  reach  from  Washington 
city  to  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Occasionally  in  the  East  we  are  reminded  that  one  of  our  States 
is  a  land  of  sagebrush  and  jack  rabbits,  and  yet,  sir,  the  State  of 
Nevada  with  its  sparse  population  (coming  into  the  Union  against 
her  own  protest  in  order  that  the  fruits  of  Appomattox  might  be 


VIEW  OF  SIDE   HALLS,  CROSSING   MAIN   HALL,   NEW  YORK  STATE   BUILDING 


NEW   YORK   DAY  109 

perpetuated),  has  given  a  thousand  millions  of  gold  and  silver  to 
enrich  the  world. 

Oh,  sir,  this  is  a  great  part  of  the  Union  and  we  are  glad,  thrice 
glad,  to  see  in  consequence  of  this  beautiful  Exposition  so  many  of 
our  people  coming  to  see  us  learning  of  the  prosperity  we  are  enjoy- 
ing to-day  in  the  western  world. 

You  spoke,  or  I  think  the  Governor  of  Minnesota  spoke — and 
I  could  be  happy  with  either  were  the  other  dear  charmer  away  — 
of  what  we  had  accomplished  in  the  limited  time  that  we  have  been 
working  in  this  western  world.  He  spoke  of  Lewis  and  Clark. 
Why,  yes,  it  is  only  a  hundred  years  since  they  made  their  last  sound- 
ing on  the  Columbia  river  near  which  now  stands  the  beautiful  city 
of  Portland  under  the  shade  of  old  Mount  Hood;  and  further  to  the 
southward  San  Francisco  looks  out  from  her  golden  gate,  Spanish 
no  longer;  to  the  northward  Seattle  sits  queen  of  the  Puget  sea. 
But  the  pioneer,  where  is  he  ? 

The  distinguished  Admiral,  who  I  hope  will  live  long  enough 
to  have  two  or  three  more  commanders-in-chief,  spoke  of  the  need 
of  the  navy.  Oh,  yes,  we  need  it.  We  had  a  magnificent  object 
lesson  a  few  months  ago  when  there  came  into  Seattle  harbor  sixteen 
great  battleships  and  we  had  two  battleships  for  every  merchant 
vessel  that  sailed  under  the  American  flag  on  the  Pacific  ocean. 
But  the  time  will  come  when  these  errors  will  be  corrected.  The 
time  will  come  when  upon  the  Pacific  ocean  we  shall  have  a  great 
fleet  for  our  protection  the  same  as  on  the  Atlantic.  There  is 
inscribed  upon  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  northwest 
corner  in  stained  glass  the  old  territorial  motto  of  territorial  Wash- 
ington, "Alki-bye  and  bye."  By  and  by  when  the  center  of  popu- 
lation shall  have  crossed  the  Mississippi  river  we  will  control  and 
administer  the  policies  of  this  country.  By  and  by  we  will  have, 
Mr.  Admiral,  a  great  Pacific  fleet  that  shall  be  the  wonder  and 
admiration  of  the  world,  standing  for  law,  for  order,  standing  for 
the  peace  of  the  world. 


110  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

Last  but  not  least  will  be  a  gentleman  born  in  Maine,  who  has 
lived  a  part  of  his  life  in  the  middle  west,  and  is  now  an  honored 
citizen  of  Seattle,  Col.  Alden  J.  Blethen. 

COL.  BLETHEN: 

Mr.  Chairman,  Honored  Guests,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  I 
have  learned  from  long  experience  that  there  are  a  few  men  in  this 
world  whom  you  cannot  trust.  One  of  this  class  is  the  man  who 
runs  a  bank  and  an  exposition.  I  was  invited  here  this  evening  to 
be  a  guest  and  not  a  speaker.  You  have  had  speeches  from  three 
Governors,  you  have  had  a  delightful  talk  from  probably  the  next 
Senator  from  Washington,  the  Hon.  Thomas  Burke.  The  hour 
is  now  11  o'clock.  Now,  Mr.  Chairman,  there  is  such  a  thing  as 
stuffing  a  fellow  too  full  and  giving  a  guest  too  much  but  since  you 
have  called  upon  me  I  want  to  say  this,  there  is  no  propriety  in  asking 
the  editor  of  a  newspaper  to  speak  in  public.  He  is  talking  all  the 
time  to  the  biggest  audience  you  ever  heard  of.  The  Seattle  Times 
with  its  65,000  issue  talks  to  300,000  people  and  these  gentlemen 
here  are  only  talking  to  200.  We  have  a  preacher  in  Seattle  who 
exceeds  all  other  preachers.  He  came  over  the  Rockies,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Matthews,  who  is  so  tall  that  he  is  sometimes  represented  as 
a  beanstalk  by  the  cartoonist.  He  built  a  great  church,  to  show  his 
energy,  and  he  has  an  auditorium  in  the  new  church  that  seats 
3,000  people  and  he  fills  it  every  Sunday  night,  but  before  he  talks 
to  his  3,000  people  I  talk  to  80,000  subscribers  of  the  Seattle  Sunday 
Times.  It  is  said  that  five  people  read  every  issue  of  the  Sunday 
Times.  I  know  that  three  people  read  every  issue  of  the  Sunday 
P.-I.  That  would  mean  that  there  are  400,000  people  I  preach 
to  every  Sunday  against  the  biggest  minister  who  preaches  to  3,000, 
and  yet  you  call  me  up  at  eleven  o'clock  to  two  hundred  people. 
I  had  a  letter  the  other  day  from  the  wife  and  son  of  a  friend  of  the 
President  asking  me  how  best  to  see  Seattle.  They  happen  to  know 
that  we  have  three  automobiles;  that  meant  I  was  to  take  the  party 


NEW   YORK   DAY  111 

and  show  them  Seattle,  and  I  did.  Rome  was  built  on  seven  hills; 
Seattle  was  built  on  seventy,  and  from  each  hilltop  you  can  see  a 
city.  When  we  passed  Denny  hill  the  lady  said,  "What  are  those 
men  doing?"  I  said,  "They  are  removing  that  hill."  She  said, 
"How  much?"  I  said,  "Twenty  blocks."  She  said,  "How  much 
will  it  cost?"  I  said,  "Four  million  dollars."  She  said,  "How 
soon  will  it  be  done?"  I  said,  "In  a  year."  She  said,  "What 
for?"  I  said,  "To  make  room  for  business."  She  was  thunder- 
struck. We  then  went  on  the  top  of  the  first  hill;  she  said,  "What 
is  that?"  I  said,  "That  is  the  biggest  temple  in  the  United  States, 
the  cathedral  Bishop  O'Dea  built  in  three  or  four  years,  a  man  who 
did  not  live  here  but  came  to  build  the  cathedral."  I  said,  "Do  you 
know  it  is  the  largest  in  the  United  States?  You  could  put  St. 
Patrick's,  of  New  York,  inside  of  it  and  never  hit  the  roof."  She 
took  another  long  breath.  We  went  on  two  blocks  more  and  came 
to  a  building  two  stories  high,  the  assay  office.  She  said,  "What 
is  that?"  I  said,  "In  1867  William  H.  Seward,  Secretary  of  the 
United  States,  bought  Alaska,  which  has  600,000  square  miles  of 
territory  and  he  paid  $7,200,000  for  it,  and  was  hooted  by  every 
statesman  and  denounced  by  every  man  in  Wall  Street."  "Well," 
said  I,  "through  that  little  building  in  eleven  years,  for  it  was  built 
in  July,  1898,  has  passed  $190,000,000  through  the  crucibles,  and 
every  dollar  was  brought  from  the  north  and  most  of  it  from  Alaska." 
And  then  the  boy  calculated  what  was  the  percentage  on  the  invest- 
ment of  Seward,  and  then  there  were  several  more  long  breaths. 
And  then  I  said  to  her,  "Do  you  remember  the  old  State  House  in 
Boston?"  And  she  said,  "Yes."  And  I  said,  "You  remember 
the  codfish  that  used  to  hang  in  front  of  the  speaker's  stand  in  the 
State  House;  do  you  know  what  that  represents?"  And  she  said, 
"No."  I  said,  "That  represented  the  codfish  aristocracy."  She 
asked,  "Why  ?"  I  said,  "Because  the  fisheries  of  the  North  Atlantic 
made  Boston  what  she  was  in  the  first  place  and  made  Massachu- 
setts wealthy."  I  said,  "Madam,  the  fisheries  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  from  here  to  the  Bering  sea  produced  eight  million  dollars, 


112  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

and  we  will  have  a  Seattle  aristocracy,  but  it  will  not  be  the  codfish, 
but  the  salmon."  We  had  a  delightful  time.  In  1896  improve- 
ments here  were  absolutely  nill  —  one  man  built  a  stable  and  another 
man  painted  his  house,  but  during  the  seven  months  just  past  thp 
building  improvements  in  Seattle  alone  have  reached  the  sum  of 
$12,000,000,  and  only  seven  months  of  the  year  gone.  That  is 
about  as  much  as  Portland  did  last  year  in  the  whole  year.  Port- 
land is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  sleepy  old  towns  you  ever  saw  in 
your  life. 

When  I  was  in  Minneapolis  I  published  the  Tribune,  and  a 
gentleman  by  the  name  of  Johnson  was  publishing  the  St.  Paul 
Gazette,  or  Journal;  which  was  it,  Mr.  Governor? 

GOVERNOR  JOHNSON:  Neither,  but  that  doesn't  make  any  dif- 
ference, go  on. 

COLONEL  BLETHEN:  That  is  the  first  time  I  ever  thought  that 
the  Governor  is  a  fraud.  He  published  something  called  a  news- 
paper, and  I  am  sure  he  owns  it  to-day;  but  I  had  no  dream  at  that 
time  that  after  having  come  to  Seattle  and  living  here  for  thirteen 
years  that  Governor  Johnson,  after  having  been  Governor  of  Minne- 
sota for  five  years,  would  come  out  and  deliver  the  remarkable 
speech  he  has  made  to-night,  specially  in  view  of  the  fact  that  there 
was  some  unpleasantness  a  few  days  ago  about  the  Swede.  That 
reminds  me  that  at  one  time  in  Minneapolis,  when  I  first  went  there, 
there  was  a  banquet  given  to  the  Scandinavians,  and  I  would  not 
wonder  if  Governor  Johnson  was  there.  If  we  are  born  in  this 
country,  we  are  Yankees  immediately  according  to  my  mind.  I  was 
the  only  gentleman  present  at  that  banquet  of  four  hundred  who 
was  not  invited  expressly  as  a  Scandinavian.  Things  moved  on  till 
about  twelve  o'clock,  and  the  program  was  finished,  and  I  was  not 
on  the  program  any  more  than  I  am  to-night,  but  Mr.  Olson,  one 
of  the  biggest  merchants  of  Minneapolis,  said  to  the  audience,  who 
were  about  to  leave,  "Wait  a  minute,  I  want  to  introduce  to  you 
the  only  foreigner  here  present."  That  touched  my  temper  a  bit, 
and  I  got  upon  a  chair  and  I  said:  "Ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  will 


NEW    YORK    DAY  113 

convince  you  in  about  five  minutes  that  I  am  the  only  true  Scandi- 
navian here."  And  I  called  the  toastmaster's  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  Norwegians  conquered  Scotland  in  about  the  seventh  cen- 
tury, and  I  was  Scotch-Irish.  In  the  eleventh  century  they  came 
here  to  Rhode  Island,  and  the  Indians  drove  them  away.  Later  on 
more  Scandinavians  came  from  Scotland  into  England  and  Ireland, 
and  we  came  to  this  country  and  drove  out  the  Indians  and  civilized 
the  country  and  made  it  possible  for  the  Swedes  and  Norwegians 
and  Danes  to  come;  and  they  voted  that  I  had  proved  myself  to  be 
the  only  Scandinavian  there.  But  it  always  makes  me  feel  sort  of 
unpatriotic  when  I  hear  the  clannish  word  mentioned,  because 
without  regard  to  the  fact  that  in  Minnesota,  for  example,  there 
may  be  400,000  Scandinavians,  the  majority  of  them  I  think  were 
born  in  Minnesota  or  nearby  States ;  and  I  hold  this  truth  to  be  true, 
that  no  matter  who  your  grandmother  or  grandfather  may  have 
been,  who  your  mother  or  father  may  have  been,  or  where  they 
were  born,  if  you  were  born  on  American  soil  and  under  the  Amer- 
ican flag,  you  are  an  American  and  you  ought  not  to  be  called  any- 
thing else  but  citizens  of  the  United  States,  without  reference  to 
pedigree. 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

Colonel  Blethen  has  done  so  well  without  preparation  I  am 
almost  inclined  to  warn  him  and  see  what  he  could  do  if  he  were 
prepared.  Our  hostess,  Mrs.  Wilcox,  has  asked  me  to  call  upon 
Mr.  Josiah  Collins,  the  chairman  of  our  Ceremonies  Committee, 
for  one  more  final  speech. 

MR.  JOSIAH  COLLINS: 

I  am  reminded  this  evening  on  being  called  upon  at  this  time 
of  the  story  of  a  man  that  went  to  fish  for  trout,  and  happening  to 
slip  he  fell  into  the  water  and  was  about  to  drown  when  some  farmers 
who  were  plowing  close  by  came  running  up  and  pulled  him  from 
the  water,  and  as  they  dragged  him  to  dry  land  one  said  to  him, 


114  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

"Why,  how  in  the  world  did  you  come  to  fall  in ?"  And  he  replied, 
"Oh,  hades,  I  didn't  come  to  fall  in,  I  came  to  fish." 

I  came  here  to  enjoy  a  delightful  sit-down  here  at  the  end  of 
the  table,  and  I  believe  it  is  said  that  the  meek  and  lowly  will  inherit 
the  earth.  If  you  cast  your  eyes  down  at  this  end  of  the  table  you 
will  at  least  say  that  they  have  furnished  that  which  is  most  beautiful 
and  attractive. 

I  want  to  say  just  a  word  to  Governor  Hughes  and  Governor 
Johnson  when  they  have  spoken  of  the  fact  of  the  greatness  of  the 
city  of  Seattle  and  the  unconventionality  of  our  people,  that  perhaps 
we  are  unconventional,  but  we  are  not  provincial;  we  are  at  least 
catholic  and  broad  in  our  views.  We  recognize  the  greatness  of  the 
State  of  New  York  and  its  attraction.  Our  ladies  go  there  to  buy 
their  gowns  and  to  see  the  theaters,  and  much  more  than  that,  we 
are  so  proud  of  the  city  of  New  York  and  the  city  of  St.  Paul  that 
we  often  refer  with  pride  to  the  city  of  New  York  as  the  Seattle  of 
the  Atlantic  and  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  and  the  city  of  St. 
Paul  as  the  Columbia  of  the  middle  west  and  as  the  Spokane  of  the 
middle  west.  And  as  for  our  poet,  I  wish  to  call  your  attention 
to-night  to  that  beautiful,  eloquent  and  tender  piece  of  poetry  that 
Senator  Wilson  quoted,  and  it  was  rendered  by  no  less  a  personage 
than  the  gentleman  we  will  call  the  Mark  Twain  of  Seattle,  Mr. 
M.  F.  Backus.  Governor  Hughes,  I  want  to  congratulate  you 
upon  one  thing,  and  Governor  Johnson  as  well,  that  while  both  of 
you  are  able  men,  great  statesmen,  good  politicians,  there  are  other 
things  that  neither  of  you  lack;  and  I  am  reminded  in  speaking  of 
that  of  the  story  of  the  Methodist  bishop  who  went  out  to  fish  — 
another  fishing  story.  He  had  with  him  two  very  beautiful  and 
charming  women;  as  he  came  across  a  part  of  the  trout  stream  a 
fellow  sat  there  well  primed  and  said,  "Hello,  pard,  are  you  a  real 
sport  and  going  to  fish?"  "Sir,"  said  the  bishop,  "I  am  a  fisher 
of  men."  "Well,  pard,  I'll  tell  you  you  know  the  right  kind  of 
bait  to  use." 

When  you  travel  you  know  the  right  kind  of  ladies  to  bring 


NEW   YORK   DAY  115 

along,  and  in  closing  permit  me  to  say  we  are  proud  indeed  to  have 
two  Governors  of  two  great  States  visit  us,  but  our  appreciation  of 
welcome  must  appear  to  you  in  more  ways  than  words. 

PRESIDENT  CHILBERG: 

A  final  toast:  Hughes  and  Johnson,  Johnson  and  Hughes, 
whether  one  or  both  may  be  President  in  the  future,  we  are  for  both 
to-night. 


SEWARD  DAY 


FRIDAY,  SEPTEMBER    10,    1909 


117 


Seward  Day 


ONE  of  the  most  important  events  of  New  York's  participa- 
tion at  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  was  Seward 
Day,  and  the  unveiling  of  a  monument  to  the  great 
Secretary  of  State,  William  H.  Seward. 

When  Chairman  Wilcox  and  Secretary  Rogers  first  visited  Seattle 
in  January,  they  learned  that  a  movement  had  been  on  foot  for  over 
a  year  for  the  erection  of  a  monument  to  Seward  in  some  part  of 
Seattle  yet  to  be  determined;  and  it  was  found  that  this  monument 
was  being  cast  in  Paris,  in  accordance  with  the  design  and  model  of 
the  sculptor,  Richard  E.  Brooks,  of  New  York  city,  and  that,  in  all 
probability,  the  finished  statue  would  arrive  in  Seattle  by  the  last  of 
August. 

Senator  Wilcox  made  the  proposition  to  the  exposition  officials 
that  this  statue,  upon  its  arrival,  should  be  placed,  temporarily  at 
least,  in  the  triangular  garden  north  of  the  New  York  State  Building, 
and  that  appropriate  exercises  for  its  unveiling  be  planned.  In  this 
proposition  he  was  warmly  supported  by  Hon.  Thomas  Burke,  who 
was  chairman  of  the  Seward  Statue  Committee,  and  a  former  resident 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  Mr.  Manson  F.  Backus,  another  mem- 
ber of  the  Statue  Committee,  who  is  also  a  former  resident  of  New 
York  State.  The  idea  was  approved  by  the  committee  and  by  the 
exposition  authorities  as  having  a  peculiar  and  appropriate  significance 
to  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition,  and  later,  when  accurate 
news  was  obtained  of  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  the  statue,  September 
10,  1909,  was  fixed  as  the  date  for  the  ceremonies  of  unveiling. 

The  place  of  Seward  in  the  estimation  of  the  people  of  the  North- 

119 


120  ALASKA-YUKOX-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

west  is  excelled  by  none  of  our  national  figures  as  a  prophetic  states- 
man. His  keen  discernment,  at  so  early  a  day,  of  the  possibilities 
of  the  Puget  Sound  region  and  of  the  great  wealth  and  prestige  which 
the  Territory  of  Alaska  was  bound  to  bring  in  the  development  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  has  been  so  amply  fulfilled  by  material  results  that  it  is 
little  wonder  that  his  name  and  reputation  lie  so  close  to  the  hearts 
of  the  citizens  of  the  Northwest. 

Late  in  the  summer  of  1906,  Mr.  G.  Beninghousen,  a  jeweler  and 
goldsmith  of  Seattle,  wrote  a  brief  article  for  the  Post-Intelligencer 
calling  attention  to  the  fact  that,  as  Seattle  had  benefited  so  largely 
from  the  expanding  trade  with  Alaska,  the  citizens  could  well  afford 
to  honor  the  memory  of  the  statesman  who  purchased  that  territory 
for  the  nation  by  erecting  a  statue  of  William  H.  Seward  in  a  con- 
spicuous part  of  the  city. 

The  Seattle  Chamber  of  Commerce  responded  at  once  to  the 
proposal  and  appointed  the  following  as  a  special  committee  to  raise 
the  money  ($15,000)  and  secure  the  statue:  Judge  Thomas  Burke, 
G.  Beninghousen,  M.  R.  Maddocks,  Governor  John  H.  McGraw, 
Judge  C.  H.  Hanford,  W.  T.  Dovell,  Judge  W.  H.  Moore,  Jacob 
Furth,  Manson  F.  Backus,  Charles  D.  Stimson,  Professor  Edmond 
S.  Meany,  Fred  E.  Sander,  Rev.  M.  A.  Matthews,  James  D.  Hoge, 
Philip  F.  Kelly  and  Joseph  Shippen. 

The  commission  was  awarded  to  the  sculptor,  Richard  E.  Brooks, 
of  New  York,  who  had  gained  high  rank  among  American  sculptors 
for  his  work,  including  such  statues  as  that  of  Colonel  Thomas  Cass, 
in  the  Public  Gardens,  Boston;  of  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  and 
John  Hanson,  placed  in  Statuary  Hall,  at  Washington  city,  by  the 
State  of  Maryland;  and  that  of  Robert  Treat  Paine,  for  Taunton, 
Massachusetts.  The  Cass  statue  brought  the  sculptor  a  gold  medal 
at  the  Paris  Salon  in  1899  and  a  first-class  gold  medal  at  the  Paris 
Exposition  in  1900  and  a  like  honor  at  the  Pan- American  Exposition 
at  Buffalo  in  1901.  Among  other  honors  in  his  profession,  Mr. 
Brooks  was  made  chairman  of  the  jury  on  sculpture  at  the  Louisiana 
Purchase  Exposition  at  St.  Louis  in  1904. 


SEWARD    DAY  121 

On  receiving  the  commission  for  the  Seward  statue,  Mr.  Brooks 
entered  upon  an  extensive  study  of  the  subject,  being  greatly  aided  by 
the  great  secretary's  surviving  sons,  Frederick  W.  Seward  and  General 
William  H.  Seward.  When  he  had  completed  the  model,  he  took  it  to 
Paris  for  casting  in  bronze  by  the  same  founders  with  whom  he  had 
obtained  such  successful  results  during  his  many  years  of  work  in 
that  center  of  art. 

The  people  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  believe  that  Seward's 
greatest  achievement  was  the  purchase  of  Alaska.  That  belief  was 
impressed  upon  the  sculptor,  who  has  portrayed  the  statesman  at  that 
important  hour  of  his  great  career.  Around  the  upper  rim  of  the 
pedestal  appear  the  memorable  words  of  Seward:  "Let  us  make  the 
treaty  to-night." 

Seward  was  born  on  May  16,  1801.  Probably  the  first  time  the 
anniversary  of  that  event  was  publicly  celebrated  was  in  the  new 
auditorium  of  the  University  of  Washington,  at  Seattle,  on  the  evening 
of  Monday,  May  17,  1909.  Many  prominent  citizens  participated  in 
the  ceremonies.  Mayor  John  F.  Miller  presided  and  the  following 
addresses  were  delivered:  "Seward  and  his  Message,"  by  Professor 
Maynard  Lee  Daggy;  "Seward's  Home  Life,"  by  Hon.  B.  M. 
Wilcox,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.;  "Seward  and  the  Purchase  of  Alaska," 
by  Professor  Edmond  S.  Meany.  It  is  likely  that  the  University  of 
of  Washington  may  continue  the  annual  celebration  of  Seward's 
birthday. 

The  New  York  State  Commission  to  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific 
Exposition,  having  erected  a  replica  of  the  Seward  home  at  Auburn 
as  the  New  York  State  Building,  on  Seward  avenue,  this  fine  statue 
was  placed  in  front  of  that  building  and  unveiled  with  impressive 
ceremonies  on  September  10,  1909. 

At  twelve-thirty  o'clock  p.  M.  a  luncheon  was  given  at  the  New 
York  State  Building,  by  Chairman  Wilcox,  to  Gen.  William  H. 
Seward,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  a  son  of  the  late  Secretary  Seward,  and  to 
William  H.  Seward,  Jr.,  a  son  of  General  Seward  and  grandson  of 


122  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Secretary  Seward,  and  the  members  of  the  Seward  Statue  Committee 

and  others. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  present  as  guests: 
Gen.  William  H.  Seward  Mr.  Jacob  Furth 

Mr.  William  H.  Seward,  Jr.  Mr.  M.  R.  Maddocks 

Hon.  Wm.  J.  Tully  Mr.  M.  F.  Backus 

Hon.  Thomas  Burke  Mr.  Charles  D.  Stimson 

Hon.  J.  E.  Chilberg  Hon.  Edmond  S.  Meany 

Mr.  I.  A.  Nadeau  Mr.  F.  E.  Sander 

Mr.  G.  Beninghousen  Rev.  M.  A.  Matthews 

Hon.  John  H.  McGraw  Mr.  James  D.  Hoge 

Hon.  C.  H.  Hanford  Mr.  Joseph  Shippen 

Mr.  W.  T.  Dovell  Mr.  J.  E.  Hinds 

Hon.  William  Hickman  Moore        Mr.  H.  J.  Rogers 
Mr.  W.  C.  Lehman 

At  two  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  formal  ceremonies  at  the  unveiling  of  the 
Seward  statue  occurred  on  the  grounds  of  the  New  York  State 
Building. 

Hon.  Thomas  Burke,  chairman  of  the  Statue  Committee,  pre- 
sided. The  following  prayer  was  offered  by  the  Rev.  M.  A.  Mat- 
thews, D.  D.,  of  Seattle: 


Prayer  by  Rev.  M.  A.  Matthews 

KIND  Heavenly  Father,  we  are  grateful  to  Thee  for  the  preser- 
vation of  our  lives  until  the  present  moment.  We  thank  Thee 
for  the  rich  provision  Thou  hast  made  for  us,  for  Thy  tender 
care,  loving  kindness  and  never-failing  protection.  We  are  more 
than  grateful  to  Thee  for  the  opportunities  Thou  hast  created 
and  offered  to  us,  and  for  the  matchless  privileges  we  have 
enjoyed. 

"We  thank  Thee,  our  Triune  God,  for  the  men  whom  Thou  hast 
raised  up  to  lead  the  people,  mold  public  sentiment  and  do  for  the 
people  the  things  Thou  hast  planned  for  them. 

"We  thank  Thee  for  him  in  whose  memory  this  monument  is 
unveiled.  The  great  Seward  was  Thy  child,  Thy  servant,  and  he 
did  for  the  people  the  things  Thou  didst  direct  him  to  do.  We  thank 
Thee  for  his  family,  his  children,  and  the  son  who  is  with  us.  They 
have  lived  lives  of  righteousness  and  have  tried  to  teach  us  to  reverence, 
honor  and  obey  our  Triune  God,  who  has  provided  for  us,  protected 
us  and  led  us  out  into  the  fields  of  opportunity. 

"We  are  grateful  to  Thee,  O  God,  our  Saviour,  for  the  territory 
Mr.  Seward  purchased.  We  ask  Thee  to  give  us  wisdom  that  we  may 
rightly  use  it,  correctly  develop  it,  and  make  it  a  great  benefit  to  all  the 
people.  We  beg  Thee  to  bless  the  citizens  of  Alaska,  may  they  be 
true,  consecrated,  Christian  men  and  women. 

"Teach  us  how  to  live  righteous  lives  and  be  God-fearing, 
honorable,  honest,  upright  Christian  citizens.  We  recognize  that 
it  is  impossible  for  us  to  be  all  Thou  wouldst  have  us  be  unless  we 
accept  Christ  as  our  personal  Saviour,  and  become,  by  the  second 
birth,  children  of  Thine,  having  Thy  nature,  doing  Thy  will  and 
hastening  the  complete  establishment  of  Thy  Kingdom.  Make  of  us 
and  of  this  great  government  a  world  power,  not  primarily  in  a  com- 
mercial sense,  but  in  a  spiritual  sense.  Make  this  nation  a  moral  and 

123 


124  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

spiritual  force  the  whole  world  will  respect,  and  through  its  influence 
establish  international  peace  and  fellowship. 

"O  Lord,  our  Saviour  and  our  God,  bless  the  men  who  shall  take 
part  in  these  unveiling  ceremonies,  teach  them  what  to  say,  and  may 
all  that  is  said  and  done  redound  to  Thy  glory  and  to  the  advancement 
of  Thy  Kingdom.  And  especially  would  Thou  bless  the  son  of  him 
to  whom  the  monument  is  unveiled,  as  he  brings  us  the  greetings  of 
the  Seward  family,  and  the  best  wishes  of  his  native  State. 

"These  blessings  we  ask  for  Christ's  sake.     Amen." 

Judge  Burke,  after  paying  an  eloquent  tribute  to  the  life  work 
and  memory  of  Secretary  Seward  and  giving  a  history  of  the  labors  of 
the  Statue  Committee,  and  what  the  far-sighted  statesmanship  of  Mr. 
Seward  meant  to  the  United  States,  and  particularly  to  the  State  of 
Washington  and  city  of  Seattle,  introduced  Gen.  William  H.  Seward, 
who  delivered  the  following  address: 


WILLIAM  H.  SEWARD 


Address  by  Gen.  William  H.  Seward 

MR.  PRESIDENT:  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  I  have 
listened  with  interest  and  gratification  to  what  has  been  said 
here  to-day.  Let  me  assure  you  of  my  deep  and  heartfelt 
appreciation  of  this  great  tribute  to  my  father's  memory.  It  was  a 
frequent  remark  of  his  during  life,  that  however  much  he  might  be 
misrepresented  or  misunderstood  by  his  contemporaries  he  intended 
that  his  public  acts  should  be  such  as  would  stand  the  test  of  time 
and  the  verdict  of  posterity.  This  gathering,  nearly  forty  years  after 
his  death,  attests  that  his  faith  and  confidence  in  the  ultimate  sound 
judgment  of  the  American  people  was  not  mistaken  nor  misplaced. 

When  Alaska  presented  herself  at  the  door  of  our  national  domain 
there  was  an  outburst  of  objections  to  her  admittance.  First,  she 
was  too  far  away.  Next  she  was  too  cold.  Finally  she  was  too 
poor. 

That  she  is  not  very  far  away  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  we  are 
nearer  to  her,  here  to-day,  than  we  are  to  Chicago,  Omaha  or  San 
Francisco.  That  she  is  not  very  cold  is  amply  proven  by  the  heaped 
up  wealth  of  vegetation  from  forest,  field  and  farm  that  surround  us 
at  this  exposition.  That  she  is  not  very  poor  is  attested  by  the  mil- 
lions that  she  is  pouring  into  the  national  treasury,  as  well  as  into  the 
pockets  of  the  seekers  for  wealth.  Yet  there  are  some  of  us  here, 
who  remember  the  days  when  grave  statesmen  stood  upon  the  floor 
of  Congress  to  declare  that  there  was  not  a  pound  of  mineral  wealth 
in  the  whole  territory,  and  that  its  products  consisted  chiefly  of  ice- 
bergs and  polar  bears. 

The  public  spirited  men  who  have  planned  and  organized  this 
exposition  are  entitled  to  the  thanks  and  gratitude,  not  only  of  Alaska 
and  the  Pacific  coast,  but  of  the  whole  American  people  —  for  by  it 
they  have  rendered  valuable  service  to  the  nation.  The  civilized 
world  is  indebted  to  them  for  the  instruction  here  given.  It  shows 

125 


126  ALASKA-YUKOX-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

what  a  vast  and  rich  field  for  varied  enterprise  lies  open  at  the  north- 
west for  all  who  choose  to  seek  it. 

Every  one  who  this  year  revisits  Seattle  finds  it  has  grown  and 
expanded  beyond  his  past  remembrance  or  his  sanguine  expectation 
That  development,  I  trust,  is  to  continue  and  endure.  Already  its 
future  is  in  sight,  as  a  great  commercial  emporium  on  the  Pacific. 

And  Now  a  Few  Historical  Facts 

Two  ships  came  sailing  over  the  North  Pacific  ocean,  more  than 
a  century  and  a  half  ago.  One  was  named  St.  Peter  and  the  other 
was  named  St.  Paul.  Over  both  flew  the  broad  blue  cross  of  St. 
Andrew.  They  had  been  blessed  and  prayed  for  in  churches  and 
cathedrals,  after  the  fashion  of  those  times,  for  their  errand  was  to 
convey  civilization  and  Christianity  to  regions  unexplored  and 
unknown.  They  had  been  sent  by  the  government  of  Russia,  to 
continue  explorations  begun  by  order  of  Peter  the  Great,  to  ascertain 
the  extent  of  his  vast  dominions,  and  to  find  out  whether  Asia  and 
America  were  connected  by  land,  or  separated  by  water.  Captain 
Vitus  Behring  was  in  command. 

In  the  long  daylight  of  June,  they  crossed  the  narrow  sea  with  a 
favoring  wind.  Soon  a  lofty  mountain  was  seen  in  the  distance,  over 
the  St.  Paul's  bow.  To  right  and  left  and  all  around  it  were  a 
myriad  of  islands  and  rocky  islets,  partially  covered  with  evergreens. 
No  white  man  had  ever  seen  them  before.  Now  they  were  discovered 
by  Russians  and  so  they  would  henceforth  be  Russian  soil.  He 
cruised  along  the  shore  to  north  and  east,  far  into  the  Arctic  ocean. 
Then  storms  assailed  his  craft.  Sickness  attacked  his  crew.  He 
sought  to  return,  but  was  wrecked  on  a  desolate  island  —  and  Beh- 
ring's  life  ended  in  Behring  sea. 

The  survivors  made  their  way  back  to  Russia.  They  had  mar- 
velous tales  to  tell  of  the  newly  discovered  coast,  of  its  seals,  its  sables, 
its  martens,  its  foxes  and  its  sea  otters.  Already  Siberia  and  Kam- 
chatka had  been  ransacked  for  these  costly  furs,  and  now  here  was  a 


SEWARD    DAY  127 

new  field,  overflowing  with  opportunities  for  wealth.  Traders  and 
trappers  from  Siberia,  merchants  and  adventurers  from  Moscow  and 
St.  Petersburg  hastened  there  by  hundreds  and  even  thousands. 
They  had  to  improvise  their  own  means  of  conveyance.  The  first 
ones  hewed  canoes  out  of  trees,  built  boats  of  planks  lashed  together 
with  strips  of  rawhide  or  sealskin.  Later,  wealthy  merchants  built 
ships  and  regularly  engaged  in  the  fur  trade.  One  man  brought 
back  the  first  summer  5,000  skins  and  so  achieved  a  fortune.  Every 
such  story  brought  a  rush  of  fresh  seekers  for  wealth. 

It  was  a  wild  and  lawless  region  for  a  time.  There  was  no 
governmental  authority  to  check  the  sway  of  drunkenness  and  robbery, 
fraud  and  force.  The  white  men  sometimes  killed  each  other,  but 
the  chief  sufferers  were  the  poor  natives.  However  this  came  to  an 
end,  when  the  imperial  government  slowly  extended  its  long  arm 
of  power  and  grappled  with  its  unruly  colonists.  Military  and  naval 
and  civil  officers  were  sent  out.  Forts  were  built  and  garrisoned. 
Landing  places  and  trading  settlements  were  established  and  a 
governor  appointed  to  supervise  the  whole. 

Of  the  successive  Russian  governors  some  traditions  are  still 
extant,  especially  of  the  benevolent  Shelikoff,  who  built  churches 
and  schools,  opened  courts,  heard  and  redressed  grievances,  and 
sought  to  supersede  savage  customs  by  the  usages  of  civilization. 
Also  of  the  rough,  rugged,  hospitable  Baranoff,  who  built  his  castle 
on  the  rock  at  Sitka,  and  from  thence  ruled  his  subjects  with  a  rod 
of  iron,  though  in  the  main  with  sagacity  and  rude  justice. 

Adventurers  and  traders  from  other  lands  began  to  find  their 
way  to  Russian  America  in  such  numbers  as  to  threaten  the  ultimate 
extermination  of  the  fur  bearing  animals.  The  Russians  wanted 
to  keep  the  fur  trade  in  their  own  hands.  They  were  ready  to  sell 
furs  to  all  comers,  but  preferred  to  control  the  hunting  and  trapping 
themselves.  The  Americans  wanted  to  share  in  the  profitable 
traffic.  The  British  wanted  to  push  their  Hudson  Bay  Company's 
stations  across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific.  So  arose  questions  of 
boundary  and  of  commercial  and  national  rights.  It  soon  became 


128  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

necessary  to  make  treaties  to  define  them.  Negotiations  were  begun 
and  lasted  several  years,  in  which  participated  such  eminent  diplo- 
mats as  Nesselrode  and  Poletica  on  the  part  of  Russia,  John  Quincy 
Adams,  Richard  Rush  and  Henry  Middleton  of  the  United  States, 
and  Sir  Charles  Bagot,  Stratford  Canning  and  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
for  Great  Britain.  Finally  all  was  duly  and  peaceably  settled. 
Russia  conceded  maritime  rights  and  privileges,  in  accordance  with 
international  law,  but  held  tenaciously  to  her  sovereignty  over  the 
forests  and  broad  plains  to  the  north,  and  the  long  and  narrow  lisiere 
at  the  south,  between  the  mountains  and  the  sea.  Thus  matters 
remained  for  forty  years. 

The  Prediction 

It  was  during  this  period  that  a  senator  of  the  United  States,  in 
a  speech  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  made  his  memorable  prediction: 

"Standing  here  and  looking  far  off  into  the  Northwest,  I  see 
the  Russian  as  he  busily  occupies  himself  in  establishing  seaports 
and  towns  and  fortifications  on  the  verge  of  this  continent  as  the 
outposts  of  St.  Petersburg;  and  I  can  say:  'Go  on  and  build  up 
your  outposts  all  along  the  coast,  up  even  to  the  Arctic  ocean,  they 
will  yet  become  the  outposts  of  my  own  country  —  monuments  of 
the  civilization  of  the  United  States  in  the  Northwest/  " 


Russia's  Friendship 

Soon  after  came  our  great  Civil  War.  There  were  many  evi- 
dences of  unfriendly  feeling  on  the  part  of  foreign  powers.  But 
Russia  remained  a  constant  friend.  Unequivocal  good  wishes  for 
the  maintenance  and  restoration  of  the  union  were  expressed  by  the 
emperor,  Alexander  II,  his  prime  minister,  Prince  Gortchackof, 
and  their  diplomatic  agents.  As  a  manifestation  of  national  amity, 
two  fleets  were  sent  over,  one  anchoring  at  San  Francisco,  and  the 
other  visiting  Washington  and  New  York,  where  exchange  of  hos- 
pitalities marked  the  entente  cordiale  between  the  governments. 


SEWARD    DAY  129 

Senator  Seward  had  now  become  secretary  of  state.  One  of 
the  lessons  which  the  war  had  forcibly  impressed  upon  him  was  the 
lack  of  naval  outposts  in  the  Caribbean  sea  and  the  North  Pacific 
ocean.  The  cordial  relations  existing  with  Russia  enabled  him  to  at 
once  open  informal  discussion  of  the  subject  with  Mr.  Stoeckl,  the 
Russian  minister.  He  found  that  Russia  would  in  no  case  allow 
her  American  possessions  to  pass  into  the  hands  of  any  European 
power.  But  the  United  States  always  had  been  and  probably 
always  would  be,  a  friend.  Russian  America  was  a  remote  province, 
not  easily  defensible,  and  not  likely  to  be  soon  developed.  Under 
American  control,  it  would  develop  more  rapidly  and  be  more  easily 
defended.  To  Russia,  instead  of  a  source  of  danger,  it  might  become 
a  safeguard.  To  the  United  States  it  would  give  a  foothold  for 
commercial  and  naval  operations  accessible  from  the  Pacific  states. 

The  Treaty 

Seward  and  Gortchackof  were  not  long  in  arriving  at  an 
agreement  upon  a  subject  which,  instead  of  embarrassing  with  con- 
flicting interests,  presented  some  mutual  advantages.  After  the 
graver  question  of  national  ownership,  came  the  minor  one  of 
pecuniary  cost.  The  measure  of  the  value  of  land  to  an  individual 
owner  is  the  amount  of  yearly  income  it  can  be  made  to  produce. 
But  national  domain  gives  prestige,  power  and  safety  to  the  state, 
and  so  is  not  easily  to  be  measured  by  dollars  and  cents.  Millions 
cannot  purchase  these,  nor  compensate  for  their  loss.  However,  it 
was  necessary  to  fix  upon  a  definite  sum  to  be  named  in  the  treaty 
—  not  so  small  as  to  belittle  the  transaction  in  the  public  eye,  nor 
so  large  as  to  deprive  it  of  its  real  character  as  an  act  of  friendship 
on  the  part  of  Russia  toward  the  United  States.  Neither  side  was 
especially  tenacious  about  the  amount.  The  previous  treaties  for  the 
acquisition  of  territory  from  France,  Spain  and  Mexico  seemed  to 
afford  an  index  for  valuation.  The  Russians  thought  $10,000,000 
would  be  a  reasonable  amount.  Seward  proposed  $5,000,000. 


130  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Dividing  the  difference  made  it  $7,500,000.  Then,  at  Seward's 
suggestion  the  half  million  was  thrown  off.  But  the  territory  was 
still  subject  to  some  franchises  and  privileges  of  the  Russian  Fur 
Company.  Seward  insisted  that  these  should  be  extinguished  by 
the  Russian  government  before  the  transfer,  and  was  willing  that 
$200,000  should  be  added  on  that  account  to  the  $7,000,000.  At  this 
valuation  of  $7,200,000,  the  bargain  could  be  deemed  satisfactory, 
even  from  the  standpoint  of  an  individual  fisherman,  miner  or  wood 
cutter,  for  the  timber,  mines,  furs  and  fisheries  would  easily  yield 
the  annual  interest  on  that  sum. 

On  the  evening  of  Friday,  March  29,  1867,  Seward  was  playing 
whist  in  his  parlor  with  some  of  his  family,  when  the  Russian  minis- 
ter was  announced. 

"I  have  a  dispatch,  Mr.  Seward,  from  my  government  by 
cable.  The  emperor  gives  his  consent  to  the  cession.  To-morrow, 
if  you  like,  I  will  come  to  the  department  and  we  can  enter  upon  the 
treaty." 

Seward,  with  a  smile  of  satisfaction,  pushed  away  the  whist 
table,  saying: 

"Why  wait  till  to-morrow,  Mr.  Stoeckl  ?  Let  us  make  the  treaty 
to-night." 

"But  your  department  is  closed.  You  have  no  clerks,  and  my 
secretaries  are  scattered  about  the  town." 

"Never  mind  that,"  responded  Seward,  "if  you  can  muster 
your  legation  together  before  midnight,  you  will  find  me  awaiting 
you  at  the  department,  which  will  be  open  and  ready  for  business." 

In  less  than  two  hours  afterward,  light  was  streaming  out  of 
the  windows  of  the  Department  of  State,  and  apparently  business 
was  going  on  as  at  midday.  By  four  o'clock  on  Saturday  morning  the 
treaty  was  engrossed,  signed,  sealed  and  ready  for  transmission  by 
the  president  to  the  senate.  There  was  need  of  this  haste,  in  order 
to  have  it  acted  upon  before  the  end  of  the  session,  then  near  at 
hand.  Perhaps  it  is  proper  that  I  should  say  here  that  this  resume 
of  the  incidents  attending  the  treaty  of  purchase  is  in  accordance 


SEWARD    DAY  131 

with  the  recollection  of  my  brother,  Frederick  W.  Seward,  who  was 
at  that  time  assistant  secretary  of  state.  To  him  had  been  assigned 
the  duty  of  finding  Mr.  Sumner,  the  chairman  of  the  senate  com- 
mittee of  foreign  relations,  to  inform  him  of  the  negotiations  in 
progress,  and  to  urge  his  advocacy  of  the  treaty  in  the  senate. 

Leutze,  the  artist,  subsequently  painted  an  historical  picture, 
representing  the  scene  at  the  department.  It  gives  with  fidelity  the 
lighted  room,  the  furniture  and  appointments.  Seward  sitting  by 
his  writing  table,  pen  in  hand  is  listening  to  the  Russian  minister, 
whose  extended  hand  is  just  over  the  great  globe  at  the  secretary's 
elbow.  The  gas  light  streaming  down  on  the  globe  illuminates  the 
outline  of  the  Russian  province.  The  chief  clerk,  Mr.  Chew,  is 
coming  in  with  the  engrossed  copy  of  the  treaty  for  signature.  In 
the  background  stand  Mr.  Hunter  and  Mr.  Bodisco,  comparing  the 
French  and  English  versions,  while  Mr.  Sumner  and  the  assistant 
secretary  are  sitting  in  conference. 

On  the  following  morning,  when  the  senate  was  considering  its 
favorite  theme  of  administrative  delinquencies,  the  sergeant-at-arms 
announced  —  "a  message  from  the  president  of  the  United  States.'* 

Glances  were  significantly  exchanged,  with  the  muttered  remark, 
"Another  veto."  Great  was  the  surprise  in  the  chamber  when  the 
secretary  read:  "A  treaty  for  the  cession  of  Russian  America." 
Nor  was  the  surprise  lessened  when  the  chairman  of  foreign  relations, 
a  leading  opponent  of  the  president,  rose  to  move  favorable  action. 
His  remarks  showed  easy  familiarity  with  the  subject,  and  that  he 
was  prepared  to  give  reasons  for  the  speedy  approval  of  the  treaty. 
\ 

The  Storm  of  Opposition 

The  debate  which  followed  in  the  senate  was  animated  and 
earnest,  but  in  the  end  the  treaty  was  confirmed  without  serious 
opposition.  But  the  purchase  was  not  consummated  without  a 
storm  of  raillery  in  conversation  and  ridicule  in  the  press.  Russian 
America  was  declared  to  be  "a  barren,  worthless,  Godforsaken 


132  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

region,  whose  only  products  were  icebergs  and  polar  bears."  It  was 
said  that  the  ground  was  "frozen  six  feet  deep"  and  "the  streams 
were  glaciers."1  "Walrussia"  was  suggested  as  a  name  for  it,  if  it 
deserved  to  have  any.  Vegetation  was  said  to  be  "limited  to  mosses," 
and  "no  useful  animals  could  live  there."  There  might  be  some  few 
"wretched  fish,"  only  fit  for  "wretched  Esquimaux"  to  eat.  But 
nothing  could  be  raised  or  dug  there.  Seven  millions  of  good  money 
were  going  to  be  wasted  in  buying  it.  Many  millions  more  would  have 
to  be  spent  in  holding  and  defending  it, —  for  it  was  "remote,  inhos- 
pitable and  inaccessible."  It  was  "Seward's  Folly."  It  was  "John- 
son's Polar  Bear  Garden."  It  was  "an  egregious  blunder,"  "a  bad 
bargain,"  palmed  off  on  a  "silly  administration  by  the  shrewd 
Russians,"  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

Most  of  these  jeers  and  flings  were  from  those  who  disliked  the 
president  and  blamed  Seward  for  remaining  in  his  cabinet.  Perhaps 
unwillingness  to  admit  that  anything  wise  or  right  could  be  done  by 
"Andy  Johnson's  administration"  was  the  real  reason  for  the  wrath 
visited  upon  the  unoffending  territory.  The  feeling  of  hostility  to 
the  purchase  was  so  strong  that  the  house  of  representatives  woufd 
not  take  action  toward  accepting  the  territory  or  appropriate  any 
money  to  pay  for  it. 

The  Transfer 

The  Russian  government  courteously  waived  any  demand  for 
immediate  payment  and  signified  readiness  to  make  the  final  transfer 
whenever  the  United  States  might  desire.  Accordingly,  commissioners 
were  appointed,  who  proceeded  to  Sitka.  On  a  bright  day  in 
August,  1867,  with  brief  but  impressive  ceremonies,  amid  salutes 
from  Russian  and  American  naval  vessels,  the  American  flag  was 
raised  over  the  new  territory  to  be  thenceforth  known  as  "Alaska." 

It  was  not  until  the  27th  day  of  July,  in  the  following  year,  that 
the  act  making  appropriation  to  pay  for  Alaska  was  finally  passed 
and  approved, —  the  chairman  of  the  foreign  affairs  committee  of 
the  house,  Gen.  N.  P.  Banks,  being  its  effective  advocate.  On  the 


SEWARD    DAY  133 

next  day  the  secretary  of  state  made  his  requisition  upon  the  treasury 
for  $7,200,000  to  be  paid  to  the  Russian  government. 

Military  and  Naval  Supervision 

The  United  States  at  first  merely  garrisoned  the  forts  at 
Wrangell,  Tongas  and  Sitka  with  small  detachments  of  troops.  The 
Russian  inhabitants  generally  remained,  but  they  were  few.  The 
Indians  were  peaceable  and  friendly  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  forts, 
though  sometimes  belligerent  in  the  remoter  regions.  A  shrewd 
old  Indian  chief  was  one  day  watching  the  soldiers  drilling.  He 
said  to  the  commander,  "What  for  you  work  your  men  on  land  with 
guns?  Why  you  no  work  them  on  water  with  canoes?"  It  was  a 
valuable  suggestion.  As  the  Indian  lived  principally  on  fish  and 
marine  animals,  their  villages  were  all  on  the  shores  of  bays,  sounds 
and  rivers.  Armed  vessels  patrolling  the  waters  could  easily  control 
them  while  soldiers  cooped  up  in  garrison  or  struggling  through  forests 
would  be  useless.  When  this  became  understood  at  Washington, 
naval  vessels  and  revenue  cutters  were  ordered  to  Alaskan  waters 
and  rendered  good  service  there. 

Alaska  was  left  for  some  years  under  the  supervision  of  the  mili- 
tary, naval  and  revenue  officers  of  the  government,  their  chief  duties 
being  to  keep  the  peace,  arrest  criminals,  collect  the  revenue  and 
prevent  smuggling,  especially  of  illicit  liquors  and  firearms.  Miners, 
fur  traders  and  explorers  continued  to  go  there  in  increasing  num- 
bers, but  emigrants  generally  were  deterred  from  going  to  a 
region  where  the  settlers  could  not  get  a  title  to  house  or  land  and 
could  not  feel  assured  of  adequate  protection  or  redress  at  law. 
Congress  was  engrossed  by  other  interests,  and  so  neglected  the 
remote  province,  which  the  general  public  seemed  to  regard  with 
indifference, —  for  the  old  notion  of  its  being  all  bleak  and  barren 
still  had  hold  of  the  popular  imagination. 


134  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Development  and  Education 

Yet  there  were  sagacious  and  enterprising  business  men,  espe- 
cially on  the  Pacific  coast,  who  perceived  that  there  were  potentialities 
of  wealth  in  Alaska.  They  availed  themselves  of  the  opportunities 
and  organized  companies  for  seal  fishing,  fur  trading,  salmon  canning 
and  quartz  mining, —  most  of  which  succeeded  beyond  expectation. 

But  most  important  and  beneficent  of  all  was  the  work  done 
by  the  missionaries  and  schoolteachers.  Various  denominations  at 
the  East  established  missions,  churches  and  schools  at  widely  sepa- 
rated points.  The  Presbyterians  took  the  lead,  but  were  soon 
followed  by  others.  Wisely  devoting  their  chief  attention  to  the 
education  of  the  native  children,  they  soon  wrought  a  marvelous 
transformation.  Laying  aside  the  habits  and  ideas  of  savage  life, 
these  pupils  soon  began  to  acquire  those  of  educated  American 
citizens.  The  government  at  Washington  next  took  part  in  the  good 
work,  and  congress  made  an  appropriation  for  schools,  that  were 
placed  under  the  supervision  of  the  bureau  of  education.  Under 
the  judicious  direction  of  Dr.  Sheldon  Jackson  and  others,  instruction 
was  given,  not  merely  in  school  books,  but  in  useful  trades  and  handi- 
crafts, enabling  the  pupils  to  become  at  once  civilized  and  self- 
supporting. 

It  was  a  surprise  to  the  Eastern  public,  when  they  were  informed, 
a  few  years  since,  that  the  neglected  territory  was  already  paying 
into  the  national  treasury  more  than  it  had  cost  and  that  its  pro- 
ductions and  revenues  were  yearly  increasing.  Within  another 
decade,  the  explorers,  miners  and  prospectors  began  to  report  their 
discoveries  of  gold,  silver,  copper  and  coal  in  apparently  inex- 
haustible supply.  Alaska  commenced  repaying  its  cost  price  over 
and  over  again,  each  year, —  so  that  now,  in  lieu  of  seven  millions, 
we  are  likely  to  have  seventy  times  seven. 


FREDERICK  W.  SEWARD 
Ex-Assistant  Secretary  of  State. 


SEWARD    DAY  135 

Alaska's  Progress  and  Future 

The  rush  of  gold  seekers  and  the  varied  opportunities  for  wealth 
have  had  their  inevitable  result.  Steamers  are  finding  active  traffic, 
railways  are  built  and  prospering,  cities  have  sprung  up  as  if  by  magic. 
Besides  those  who  go  to  seek  wealth  and  bring  it  away  with  them, 
there  is  a  steady  influx  of  permanent  population,  such  as  indicates 
the  growth  of  future  states. 

The  general  government  has  taken  note  of  the  changed  aspect 
of  affairs,  and  now  wise  measures  of  legislation  and  administration 
are  adopted,  to  help  forward  the  progress  of  the  territory.  Alaska 
has  now  her  courts  of  justice,  her  territorial  officers  and  her  delegate 
in  congress,  and  land  laws,  mining  laws  and  railway  laws  adapted 
to  her  needs. 

The  climate  and  soil  of  Alaska  have  been  the  subjects  of  much 
hasty  generalization  and  many  wrong  judgments.  It  is  frequently 
spoken  of  as  if  its  climate  and  soil  were  everywhere  alike.  But 
Alaska  is  a  vast  region  covering  more  ground  than  all  our  Pacific 
coast  states  together  with  a  sea  coast  stretching  as  far  as  from  Maine 
to  Florida.  The  valley  of  the  Yukon  with  its  gigantic  river  is  as 
long  as  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi.  Such  a  vast  region  has  many 
climates  and  soils, —  as  many  as  are  found  in  England,  Scotland, 
Ireland,  Denmark,  Sweden  and  Norway.  This  exposition  attests 
the  multitude  and  variety  of  its  products,  even  during  the  compar- 
atively brief  period  that  Americans  have  made  their  homes  there. 

In  the  great  northern  portion  beyond  the  Yukon  valley,  the 
forests  cease,  and  the  great  open  plains  begin  to  be  covered  with 
mosses,  like  those  of  Lapland  and  Northern  Sweden.  While  the 
missionaries  and  the  bureau  of  education  were  planting  schools  in 
this  sparsely  inhabited  region,  it  occurred  to  them  that  here  was  a 
place  suited  to  the  reindeer.  In  similar  portions  of  Northern  Europe, 
the  domesticated  reindeer  take  the  place  of  cattle  and  horses.  They 
live  and  thrive  on  the  mosses  that  cover  the  ground,  and  are  invalu- 
able for  subsistence  and  comfort.  They  supply  meat,  milk,  clothing 


136  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

and  means  of  transportation.  Even  their  horns  and  hides  are 
valuable  articles  of  commerce.  Through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Jackson 
and  others,  congress  was  induced  to  make  an  appropriation  for  trying 
the  experiment  of  bringing  reindeer  to  Northern  Alaska.  Sixteen 
were  brought  over  from  Siberia  on  a  revenue  cutter.  As  the 
climate,  soil  and  food  seemed  to  suit  them,  arrangements  were 
made  to  bring  more;  and  now  the  government  has  many  reindeer 
stations,  each  with  its  herd.  There  young  Alaskans  are  instructed 
how  to  use  and  care  for  the  animals  and  enabled  to  set  up  herds 
of  their  own, —  thus  replacing  semi-savage  hunters  by  communities 
of  thrifty  and  prosperous  farmers. 

Still  another  development  of  Alaska  begins  to  loom  up  in  the 
future.  Railway  systems  and  modern  civilization  are  steadily 
pushing  up  towards  Behring  Strait,  both  in  the  Eastern  and  Western 
hemispheres.  When  they  meet  at  its  shores,  it  will  be  found  that 
America  and  Russia  are  separated  only  by  the  same  distance  that 
separates  England  and  France.  Trade  and  travel  will  inevitably 
open  communication  between  them,  and  Alaska  may  ultimately  be 
destined  to  become  a  thoroughfare  between  the  Old  World  and  the 
New. 

During  the  last  year  of  Seward's  life,  he  was  visited  at  Auburn 
by  Frank  Carpenter,  who  painted  the  historic  picture  of  "The 
Emancipation  Proclamation."  The  artist  asked  him: 

"Governor  Seward,  which  of  your  public  acts  do  you  think, 
will  live  longest  in  the  memory  of  the  American  people  ? " 

Seward  replied:  "The  purchase  of  Alaska.  But,"  he  added, 
"it  will  take  another  generation  to  find  it  out." 

That  was  thirty-seven  years  ago.  A  new  generation  has  come, 
and  they  have  "found  it  out." 

At  this  point  in  the  proceedings,  little  Miss  Harriet  Baxter, 
granddaughter  of  ex-Governor  John  H.  McGraw,  of  the  State  of 
Washington,  unveiled  the  statue  amid  great  applause. 


SEWARD    DAY  137 

Hon.    Edmond   S.    Meany,    professor   of   history,    Washington 
University,  then  read  the  following  original  poem: 

Hail  to  Thee,  Seward 

Far  through  the  rumble  of  years  that  are  gone, 
Come  echoes  that  ring  an  intensified  chorus, 
Echoes  that  tell  of  new  days  at  their  dawn; 
Come  echoes  that  hallow  the  flag  that  is  o'er  us; — 
The  glorified  flag  is  now  fluttering  o'er  us. 

Sharp  was  the  conflict  when  South  faced  the  North 
With  hatred  of  brothers  from  angry  eyes  gleaming, 
Hatred  that  blurred  the  full  meaning  and  worth 
Of  banners  o'er  each  of  them  still  gaily  streaming;  — 
The  Nation's  proud  banners  o'er  all  of  them  streaming. 

Out  o'er  the  clamor  of  anger-fed  mob. 

The  voice  of  brave  Seward  in  silver  tones  ringing; 

Conscience  was  higher  than  law  that  would  rob 

A  star  from  that  emblem  in  Heaven  still  swinging; — 

Each  star  was  a  hope  in  the  blue  field  yet  swinging. 

Climax  of  gloom,  through  the  year's  cruel  strife, — 
Came  blows  from  the  night,  when  our  Chieftain  was  falling ; 
Mourned  the  great  Nation  the  loss  of  that  life, — 
How  softly  were  banners  and  bugles  then  calling; — 
The  requiem  bugles  were  then  softly  calling: 

Peace,  wounded  Peace,  on  her  crutches  and  canes, 
So  wounded  and  crushed,  faltered  feebly  in  sorrow. 
Forth  stood  our  Seward !     Though  scorned  for  his  pains, 
He  planned  for  the  people  a  more  fruitful  morrow;  — 
He  gave  to  the  flag  a  more  glorious  morrow. 

Hail  to  thee,  Seward!     Let  everyone  hear 
The  paeans  of  joy  across  lands  we  are  flinging; 
From  seas  thou  didst  love  we  send  thee  a  cheer, 
Thy  praises  our  children  are  joyfully  singing; — 
Behold;  'neath  our  flag  the  whole  Nation  is  singing. 

Dedicated  to    Hon.    Benjamin  M.  Wilcox  of    Auburn,  New  York,    for  his  efforts    toward 
reviving  an  interest  in  the  life  and  works  of  William  H.  Seward. 
September,  1909. 

Judge  Burke  then  introduced  Hon.  William  T.  Dovell,  of  Seattle, 
who  delivered  the  oration  as  follows: 


Oration  by  William  T.  Dovell 

MR.  CHAIRMAN:  I  have  thought  it  would  not  be  unprofit- 
able to  devote  a  few  minutes  to  the  consideration  of  the  life 
and  public  service  of  a  man  who  played  a  large  part  in  the 
making  of  the  history  of  our  country.  Such  a  review  at  this  time 
must  necessarily  be  superficial  because  its  thorough  consideration 
would  involve  a  study  of  our  nation's  history  during  a  term  of  years 
when  it  was  pregnant  with  tremendous  events. 

The  estimate  which  a  later  generation  makes  of  a  man  who 
has  participated  in  the  shaping  of  a  nation's  history  is  not  always 
veracious.  There  are  men  whose  chosen,  or  if  you  please,  prov- 
identially allotted  task,  restrains  them  from  appearing  in  that 
flaming  orbit  where  mankind  may  readily  observe  the  grandeur  of 
their  sweep.  And  again  it  happens  that  a  certain  period  a  single 
character  appears  looming  in  such  grand  proportions  as  to  seem 
to  dwarf  all  others  of  that  generation.  Were  this  not  true,  it  is  not 
unlikely  that  by  popular  estimation  William  H.  Seward  would  be 
accorded  a  more  prominent  place  in  the  line  of  those  heroic  men 
who  have  builded  and  maintained  our  nation  through  vicissitudes 
and  conditions  more  varied  and  severe  than  ever  devolved  upon  a 
people  in  the  history  of  self-government. 

With  a  fine  self-centeredness,  we  people  of  the  Pacific  North- 
west have  been  inspired  to  honor  the  name  of  Seward  because,  by 
his  far-seeing  statesmanship,  there  was  added  to  the  national  posses- 
sions a  domain  which  is  so  nearly  adjacent  to  our  shore  that  its 
development  has  been  the  very  foundation  of  our  material  prosperity. 
Great  as  this  achievement  was,  however,  even  the  casual  student 
of  his  life  will  readily  learn  that  it  does  not  constitute  his  largest 
claim  to  the  grateful  remembrance  of  a  patriotic  people. 

It  is  not  easy  for  men  of  the  present  generation  who  view  this 
government  of  ours  as  builded  upon  the  solid  rock  of  a  wise  and 

138 


SEWARD    DAY  139 

comprehensive  constitution  to  realize  that  half  a  century  ago  under 
that  same  constitution  we  appeared  to  be  resting  upon  the  shifting 
sands  of  prejudice  and  sectional  distrust. 

At  this  day  there  is  nothing  novel  in  the  narrative  of  the  internal 
struggle  for  cohesiveness  of  a  nation  composed  of  different  sovereign- 
ties under  one  constitution,  which  was  a  departure  from  anything 
which  had  ever  before  been  conceived  in  the  history  of  government 
upon  earth.  Scarcely  had  this  government  been  formed  when  there 
were  those  who  began  to  doubt  the  wisdom  and  practicability  of 
the  experiment.  There  soon  came  to  be  asserted  the  fundamental 
right  of  any  one  of  the  separate  sovereignties  to  withdraw  from 
the  compact  at  will,  whenever  it  was  deemed  that  the  policy  of  the 
national  government  did  not  consist  with  the  policy  of  that  particular 
state. 

The  two  sections  of  the  nation  were  divided  by  a  line  almost 
as  certain  and  distinct  as  if  it  had  been  physically  constituted.  To 
the  south  of  that  line  there  dwelt  a  people  who  were  wedded  to  the 
peculiar  institution  of  human  slavery.  These  people  had  yielded 
their  full  share  of  the  intellect,  the  chivalry  and  the  patriotism  of 
the  young  nation.  As  proud  as  they  were  patriotic,  as  arrogant  as 
they  were  brave,  they  maintained  the  inviolability  of  their  institu- 
tions, and  contended  that  an  interference  with  them,  or  a  failure  to 
recognize  them  as  an  essential  constituent  of  the  American  institu- 
tion, would  destroy  the  pact  which  bound  them  in  the  union  of  the 
states. 

For  forty  years,  during  the  progress  of  the  struggle,  which 
never  ceased  but  to  be  renewed,  the  aggressiveness  and  boldness  of 
the  representatives  of  the  people  of  the  South  enabled  them  to  main- 
tain the  position  they  had  assumed.  They  taught  the  people  of  the 
North  a  timorousness  which  in  turn  begat  arrogance  and  positive 
contempt. 

It  is  far  beside  my  purpose  to  comment  upon  the  vast  issue 
involved, —  an  issue  which  was  never  closed  until  northern  valor 
and  southern  heroism  had  reddened  the  land  with  blood.  If  their 


140  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

course  was  wrong,  surely  absolution  comes  for  any  wrong  when 
the  depth  of  desolation  has  been  reached.  They  paid  an  awful 
penalty,  as  human  bondage  is  an  awful  sin.  To-day  in  the  providence 
of  God  there  remains  nothing  of  this  awful  struggle  save  the  memory 
of  the  heroism  there  displayed,  and  sober  judgment  now  proclaims 
that  stupendous  as  was  the  cost  it  was  justified  in  the  eradication  of 
the  most  hateful  institution  which  ever  beset  a  civilized  people. 

At  the  beginning  of  his  career  in  the  national  congress,  Senator 
Seward  sat  alongside  those  three  men  whose  great  intellects  shaped  the 
policy  of  our  nation  for  a  generation, —  Webster,  Calhoun  and  Clay, 
—  and  of  the  four  men  Seward  stood  farthest  in  advance  upon  the 
question  which  most  of  all  vexed  the  people.  Clay,  a  fervent  patriot, 
recognizing  always  the  antagonism  between  the  North  and  South,  con- 
tinually sought  some  compromise  which  would  satisfy  their  respective 
demands  and  permit  the  institutions  of  each  section  to  co-exist. 

Webster  was  first  of  all  a  Unionist;  he  idealized  the  constitution, 
and  because  he  saw  less  evil  in  slavery  than  in  disunion,  easily  con- 
sented to  its  continuance  rather  than  jeopardize  the  Union. 

Calhoun,  and  it  is  but  fair  to  say  he  represented  the  most  intel- 
ligent and  militant  element  of  the  South,  had  scant  regard  for  the 
binding  power  of  the  constitution.  He  believed  fundamentally  in 
slavery,  and  he  became  the  great  advocate  he  was  of  the  doctrine  of 
state  rights  merely  because  he  foresaw  that  through  that  doctrine 
alone  could  slavery  be  preserved. 

Seward  alone  of  the  four  instinctively  detested  this  "peculiar 
institution"  of  the  South,  and  as  his  political  experience  enlarged  he 
came  more  and  more  to  hope  for  its  final  eradication.  He  was  the 
first  of  all  the  great  statesmen  to  reach  the  point  of  boldness  where  he 
could  say  that  the  interests  of  the  white  race  demanded  the  ultimate 
emancipation  of  all  men;  and  in  1858,  standing  in  advance  of  all 
others  who  were  with  him  in  Congress,  he  answered  the  arrogance  of 
the  slaveholder  with  his  inexorable  prophesy  of  the  "irrepressible 
conflict  between  freedom  and  slavery."  Still  he  hoped  that  its 
elimination  might  be  brought  about  in  peace  and  the  Union  yet 


SEWARD    DAY  141 

preserved.  It  was  the  contention  of  the  southerner  that  the  consti- 
tution recognized  slavery,  and  in  this  they  were  correct;  therefore, 
they  reasoned  with  an  exact  logic  that  as  the  constitution  stood  so 
must  the  institution  of  slavery  remain.  Seward's  answer  that  there 
is  a  law  higher  than  the  constitution  was  unfortunate,  and  it  brought 
down  upon  him  the  frenzy  of  his  opponents.  Neither  he  nor  Lincoln 
nor  any  of  the  statesmen  of  the  time  had  yet  had  borne  in  upon  him 
the  great  truth, —  the  great  principle  of  constitutional  interpretation, 
which  it  required  the  sacrifice  of  a  million  lives  to  make  plain  to  man, 
—  that  destiny  had  brought  mankind  to  the  point  where  human 
slavery  must  disappear,  and  the  constitution  which  was  builded  for 
all  time  must  be  strong  enough  to  keep  pace  with  that  destiny  and 
broad  enough  to  enfold  a  nation  where  all  men  are  free. 

Seward  became  the  exponent  of  a  growing  sentiment  in  the 
North, —  a  sentiment  distinguished  from  the  rabid  abolitionist  on 
the  one  side  and  the  laissez  faire  temporist  on  the  other.  About  the 
position  he  assumed  came  men  who  were  awakened  to  a  realization 
that  the  aggression  of  the  South  must  be  squarely  met  by  a  front 
equally  as  firm.  Recognition  of  slavery  in  the  slave  states  they  felt 
bound  to  concede;  more  than  that  they  would  not  grant.  If  they 
cherished  a  hope  for  its  total  abolition,  it  was  to  be  brought  about  in 
an  orderly  and  peaceful  manner,  but  they  declined  to  accept  that 
narrow  interpretation  of  the  constitution  which  required  that  slavery 
be  recognized  in  the  territories  and  that  a  slaveholder  should  have  the 
right  to  go  into  a  free  state  and  demand  his  slaves  by  a  more  summary 
process  than  that  by  which  he  might  reclaim  his  chattel. 

In  Congress  and  out,  Seward  was  looked  to  as  the  authoritative 
exponent  of  these  principles,  while  about  him  as  the  very  center 
finally  clustered  a  majority  of  the  people  of  the  North.  When  out  of 
the  pregnant  incidents  which  immediately  preceded  the  war  there 
came  a  crystallization  of  thought  and  patriots,  for  the  welfare  of 
their  republic  must  bind  themselves  together  as  a  party,  it  was  the 
unwavering  voice  of  Seward  which  rang  high  and  true  enough  to 
collect  them  about  the  principles  he  declared  for  and  espoused. 


142  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Thus  was  erected  that  political  party  which  became  in  the  civil 
struggle  the  party  of  the  Union. 

Whether  the  present  principles  of  that  great  political  party 
which,  with  almost  complete  continuity,  has  controlled  the  affairs  of 
this  government  for  half  a  century,  be  right  or  wrong  is  not  for  our 
present  consideration.  The  only  fact  I  would  impress  upon  you 
to-day  is  that  of  that  party  which  has  had  the  largest  share  in  the 
shaping  of  our  nation's  course  Seward  was  the  very  masterbuilder. 

It  is  an  unfortunate  fact  that  in  passing  down  to  posterity  an 
estimate  of  public  men,  it  is  often  thought  necessary  by  the  historian 
to  detract  from  the  fame  of  one  man  in  order  to  add  to  the  merit  of 
another  who  was  cotemporary.  It  is  not  to  be  denied  that  the  most 
magnificent  figure  of  the  time  with  which  we  are  concerned  is  that  of 
Lincoln.  He  was  so  deep  in  his  wisdom,  so  God-like  in  his  mental 
and  moral  stature,  that  his  numerous  biographers  have  been  inclined 
to  dwarf  all  those  who  stood  beside  him.  This  inclination  has  been 
responsible  for  a  misconception  in  many  minds  of  the  career  of 
Seward  while  he  was  secretary  of  state  in  Lincoln's  cabinet.  There 
is  no  real  warrant  for  the  conclusion  that  there  was  ever  any  serious, 
and  certainly,  there  was  no  lasting  difference  of  opinion  between 
Lincoln  and  Seward.  It  would  appear  that  no  higher  proof  of  this 
statement  is  necessary  than  the  fact  that  Lincoln,  spite  the  unremit- 
ting attacks  that  were  leveled  at  Seward,  never  wavered  in  his 
determination  to  retain  him  as  his  first  minister. 

One  of  the  darkest  chapters  in  the  history  of  diplomacy  is  to  be 
found  in  the  conduct  of  the  great  European  nations  toward  the 
United  States  during  the  Civil  War.  With  the  exception  of  Russia 
it  is  doubtful  if  there  was  one  of  those  nations  which  would  not  have 
viewed  with  favor  the  downfall  of  our  government.  To  have  taken 
up  the  gage  which  was  repeatedly  thrown  to  us  and  have  gone  to  war 
with  one  of  those  powers  would  have  meant  the  success  of  the  rebellion, 
the  wreck  of  our  Union.  Yet  the  dignity  of  our  government  must  be 
preserved  and  we  must  avoid  the  reproach  of  pusillanimity.  Vol- 
umes of  diplomatic  documents  and  correspondence  attest  the  enor- 


SEWARD    DAY  143 

mous  and  delicate  task  which  fell  to  the  lot  of  him  in  whose  hands 
rested  the  conduct  of  our  foreign  relations. 

When  the  awful  tragedy  of  Lincoln's  death  fell  upon  a  bleeding 
nation  all  men  stood  in  awe  at  the  simple  grandeur  of  his  life.  Such 
is  the  quality  of  human  sympathy  that  detraction  is  buried  as  the 
victim  is  lowered  to  a  martyr's  grave,  and  ever  since  that  day  the  sad 
and  Christ-like  man  has  stood  by  common  measure  the  most  heroic 
figure  of  an  epoch. 

But  it  is  not  to  be  forgotten  that  the  same  fate  which  in  the  one 
instance  guided  with  such  certainty  the  bullet  to  Lincoln's  brain, 
caused  the  assassin's  weapon  to  glance  in  that  same  hour  from  the 
prostrate  form  of  Seward  and  left  him  to  go  on  with  the  stupendous 
task  of  reconstructing  a  shattered  nation.  Though  perhaps  it  would 
serve  no  useful  purpose,  it  is  at  least  interesting  to  contemplate  how  a 
halo  might  have  been  thrown  about  the  name  of  Seward  had  the 
attempt  upon  his  life  been  successful  and  he  had  died  as  Lincoln  died 
upon  the  very  altar  of  his  country. 

Some  public  men  have  lived  whose  careers  have  ever  been 
clothed  in  a  romantic  interest  and  each  chord  they  struck  had  seemed 
to  ring  a  sympathetic  response  in  the  hearts  of  their  countrymen,  and 
there  are  other  men  whose  task  is  always  so  unadorned  that  mankind, 
unmoved  by  sentiment,  may  let  them  pass  without  a  comprehension 
of  their  greatness  and  the  page  of  history  which  records  the  story  of 
their  lives  is  not  the  page  of  tensest  human  interest. 

The  great  debt  which  is  owing  to  the  memory  of  Seward  is  one 
which  is  due  by  all  Americans  alike,  but  there  is  a  special  obligation 
upon  the  people  of  Seattle,  so  that  it  is  entirely  fitting  that  his  effigy 
should  stand  within  the  precincts  of  that  city  whose  growth  and 
material  prosperity  is  due  in  such  large  part  to  that  master  stroke 
of  statesmanship  whereby  he  laid  an  empire  open  at  our  door. 

It  is  a  strange  commentary  upon  the  fallibility  of  human  judg- 
ment that  the  design  of  Secretary  Seward  for  the  acquisition  of 
Alaska  should  have  been  accomplished  only  after  bitter  opposition. 
Early  in  1866  the  legislature  of  Washington  Territory  memorialized 


144  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

congress,  calling  its  attention  to  the  value  of  the  fisheries  which  lay 
along  the  Alaskan  coast  and  praying  that  steps  might  be  taken  to 
secure  a  participation  in  those  privileges.  There  is  much  reason  to 
believe  that  by  this  memorial  the  interest  of  the  State  department  was 
first  awakened  in  the  Russian- American  possessions.  Shortly  after- 
wards it  was  intimated  to  the  secretary  that  Russia  was  not  undesirous 
of  disposing  of  these  possessions.  It  cannot  be  denied  that  the 
motive  which  induced  the  secretary  to  look  with  favor  upon  the 
proposition  coming  from  this  government  was  not  entirely  devoid  of 
sentiment. 

As  I  have  declared  before,  in  the  darkest  hour  of  the  rebellion 
from  which  we  had  so  lately  emerged,  when  almost  every  other 
European  nation  appeared  anxious  to  take  advantage  of  our  peril, 
Russia  alone  had  maintained  and  given  tangible  demonstration  of 
her  friendliness.  To  treat  with  such  a  nation  was  no  unwelcome  task 
for  Seward,  and  with  a  despatch  for  which  his  enemies  bitterly 
criticised  him  at  the  time,  he  completed  a  treaty  for  the  cession  of 
Alaska.  There  arose  at  once  the  bitterest  opposition  to  the  carrying 
out  of  the  contract.  Even  after  the  State  department  had  negotiated 
the  contract  agreeing  with  the  Russian  government  for  the  payment 
of  a  sum  certain  in  consideration  of  the  cession  of  the  territory,  mem- 
bers of  the  lower  house  of  congress  strenuously  opposed  the  making  of 
the  appropriation  necessary  to  fulfill  the  faith  the  government  had 
pledged  when  the  treaty  was  made.  At  this  day  it  is  interesting  to 
consider  the  variety  of  reasons  which  were  seriously  urged  for  and 
against  the  acquisition  of  this  territory. 

One  member  of  congress  undertakes,  as  he  says,  "to  demonstrate 
that  the  country  is  absolutely  without  value."  An  advocate  of  the 
treaty,  with  an  ignorance  of  geography  not  unusual  at  the  time, 
declares  that  the  Aleutian  Islands  constitute  a  chain  of  harbors 
which  will  permit  of  navigation  in  an  open  boat  between  the  Ameri- 
can continent  and  Asia.  Another  urges  the  construction  of  a  line  of 
telegraph  across  these  islands  connecting  the  two  continents. 

It  was  seriously  contended  that  the  new  territory  would  be  of 


SEWARD    DAY  145 

value  because  it  would  afford  a  supply  of  ice  to  the  people  of  the 
torrid  zone  of  California. 

A  member  of  congress  with  an  interesting  prescience  contends 
that,  inasmuch  as  precious  minerals  had  been  discovered  in  Peru, 
Mexico  and  California,  it  is  reasonable  to  presume  their  existence 
along  the  same  coast  in  Alaska,  but  he  is  compelled  to  admit  that  he 
has  no  evidence  of  their  presence. 

During  the  debate  in  congress,  a  gentleman  from  a  Southern 
state  greatly  amused  his  fellow  members  by  a  declaration  that  he 
"  looks  forward  to  the  time,  not  far  distant,  when  the  civilization  of  the 
world  will  be  transferred  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  when 
what  is  excellent  and  exalted  in  human  affairs  will  be  found  upon  the 
shores  of  that  benign  sea." 

It  is  quite  clear  that  most  of  the  members  of  congress  had  dif- 
ficulty in  considering  seriously  the  annexation  of  Alaska;  they  seemed 
only  to  hear : 

"  Waft  o'er  the  waves'  tumultuous  roar 
The  wolf's  long  howl  from  Unalaska's  shore." 

They  could  not  bring  themselves  to  view  this  far  Northland  as 
other  than  an  inaccessible  barren  and  forbidding  waste.  The 
bargain  would  not  have  been  completed  had  it  not  been  made  in 
advance  of  its  submission  to  congress,  so  that  the  majority  in  that 
body  believed  that  the  faith  of  the  government  having  been  pledged 
by  Seward,  the  compact  must  be  carried  out.  This  was  done 
reluctlantly  and  the  blame  was  laid  upon  Seward  for  the  sad 
bargain  he  had  made. 

At  the  time  it  was  declared  that  the  treaty  for  the  acquisition  of 
Alaska  was  a  bargain  privately  and  hastily  considered  and  con- 
summated between  the  secretary  of  state  and  the  representatives  of 
the  Russian  government.  The  lapse  of  a  short  time  would  probably 
have  made  our  government  better  acquainted  with  the  character  and 
wealth  of  that  territory;  but  it  would  likewise  have  increased  the 
knowledge  possessed  by  the  Russian  government  of  the  value  of  its 
possession,  so  that  had  the  bargain  not  been  made  at  that  time,  it  is 


146  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

improbable  that  it  could  have  been  made  at  a  later  day  for  any 
monetary  consideration  which  our  government  in  the  depleted  con- 
dition of  its  treasury  would  have  undertaken  to  pay.  The  conclusion 
cannot,  therefore,  be  escaped  that  had  the  affair  been  managed  with 
less  promptitude  and  skill  at  that  time  the  Alaskan  territory  would 
to-day  be  a  Russian  or  English  dependency,  or  perhaps  a  part  of  the 
Japanese  empire. 

When  the  people  of  America  have  been  able  to  understand  what 
is  comprised  within  this  great  territory;  when  they  have  come  to 
correctly  measure  her  resources  and  estimate  her  potentialities,  then 
history  will  more  correctly  record  how  much  is  due  to  the  statesman- 
ship of  Seward. 

I  shall  not  risk  your  patience  by  attempting  to  appraise  the 
character  of  the  man  to  whose  memory  we  are  giving  tribute.  In 
this  more  progressive  day  and  shiftier  generation,  the  type  of  states- 
manship represented  by  him  is  all  too  seldom  found.  He  epitomized 
his  own  political  doctrine  when  he  declared  that  "personal,  partisan, 
temporary  and  subordinate  questions  may  lawfully  be  compromised, 
but  principles  never."  Had  he  but  slightly  served  expediency  he 
might  easily  have  been  exalted  to  the  chief  magistracy  of  the  nation. 
With  a  deep  sense  of  fairness  he  had  set  his  face  against  the  despicable 
doctrine  of  the  Know-nothing  party,  which  would  make  religious 
belief  a  test  of  Americanism,  and  this  course  cost  him  the  presidency. 
In  the  great  reconstruction  problem  his  views  were  tempered  by  the 
quality  of  mercy,  and  if  he  called  down  upon  himself  the  execration  of 
those  who  would  have  laid  a  harsher  hand  upon  a  prostrate  people, 
time  has  long  since  proved  that  his  mercy  was  a  part  of  wisdom.  An 
appreciative  state  and  nation  honored  him  with  many  offices  and 
there  were  laid  upon  him  many  tasks  for  the  welfare  of  the  republic, 
and  in  all  of  them  his  guiding  star  was  simple  patriotism.  Always  he 
turned  from  petty  measures  and  time-serving  expedients  to  engage 
himself  with  principles;  and  if,  while  so  employed,  he  was  at  times 
so  far  forgetful  of  self  as  to  invite  the  blame  of  less  considerate  men, 
it  tests  him  all  the  more  the  patriot. 


SEWARD    DAY  147 

Is  it  too  much  to  hope  that  as  this  statue  stands  where  it  may 
be  constantly  observed  by  all  the  people  of  our  great  metropolis,  it 
will  serve  as  an  inspiration  to  the  citizens  of  a  state  who  have  yet  to 
acquire  the  highest  political  ideals  ?  Will  not  the  silent  lips  of  this 
almost  speaking  likeness  seem  to  say  to  the  man  who  looks  upon  it 
that  he  often  serves  his  country  best  who  strives  the  least  to  serve 
himself;  that  it  is  idle  for  men  who  have  in  their  hands  the  affairs  of 
government  to  engage  themselves  with  the  promulgation  of  whims 
and  ill-considered  fancies  ?  Will  it  not  say  to  the  citizen  who  aspires 
to  lead  his  fellows,  and  ambitious  to  have  a  hand  in  the  upbuilding  of 
a  great  commonwealth  that  he  must  despise  the  gospel  of  pettiness 
and  learn  that  in  affairs  worth  while  principles  are  all  controlling  ? 

"  A  life  in  civic  honor  warm 
A  soul  on  highest  mission  sent, 
A  potent  voice  in  parliament, 
A  pillar  steadfast  in  the  storm." 

The  benediction  was  pronounced  by  Rev.  Dr.  Matthews  and  the 
ceremonies  were  declared  closed.  Music  for  the  occasion  was  fur- 
nished by  Wagner's  A.-Y.-P.  E.  Band. 


Proceedings  at  the  Banquet 

IN  the  evening  a  banquet  was  given  by  Mr.  Benjamin  M.  Wilcox, 
Chief  Executive  Officer  of  the  New  York  State  Building,  and 
Mrs.  Wilcox  to  General  William  H.  Seward  and  Mr.  William 
H.  Seward,  Jr.  The  following  guests  were  present  and  Hon.  Thomas 
Burke  acted  as  toastmaster : 

General  William  H.  Seward 

Mr.  William  H.  Seward,  Jr. 

Hon.  William  J.  Tully 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  M.  Wilcox 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  E.  Chilberg 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  I.  A.  Nadeau 

Hon.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Burke 

Mr.  G.  Beninghousen 

Hon.  John  H.  McGraw 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  H.  Hanford 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  T.  Dovell 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Hickman  Moore 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob  Furth 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  R.  Maddocks 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  F.  Backus 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chas.  D.  Stimson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edmond  S.  Meany 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  E.  Sander 

Rev.  and  Mrs.  M.  A.  Matthews 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  G.  Hoge 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Shippen 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Piles 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  F.  Rathbun 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  D.  Lowman 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Warren  A.  Worden 

148 


SEWARD    DAY  149 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chas.  R.  Collins 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Josiah  Collins 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Geo.  B.  Kittenger,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  F.  Elaine 

Hon.  and  Mrs.  John  F.  Miller 

Mrs.  Eliza  Leary 

Mrs.  Richard  A.  Ballinger 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  F.  Kane 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harry  W.  Treat 

Hon.  Hajime  Ota,  of  Japan 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  H.  Van  Antwerp 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  P.  Hornberger 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  F.  Knudsen 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  L.  Sizer 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  W.  Clise 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  S.  Kerry 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Shippen 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  W.  Baker 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick  A.  Betts 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Andrew  R.  Bradley 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Quincy  W.  Farr 

Mr.  Hailey  Fiske 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  M.  Craig 

Miss  Mabel  Chilberg 

Dr.  A.  F.  Knight 

HON.  THOMAS  BURKE: 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  I  have  been  requested  to  act  as  toast- 
master  this  evening  and  accept  the  post  more  willingly  because  it 
gives  me  an  opportunity  to  make  my  acknowledgments  to  the  State 
of  New  York  as  well  as  to  our  genial  host  and  our  charming  hostess. 
(Applause.) 

I  do  not  know  what  we  could  have  done  here  on  these  exposition 
grounds  during  the  last  five  months  if  it  were  not  for  the  State  of  New 


150  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

York.  (Applause.)  This  house,  which  is  a  reproduction  of  the 
historic  home  of  the  great  comrade,  the  great  senator,  the  great  sec- 
retary of  state  and  the  far-seeing  statesman,  has  been  the  scene  since 
the  opening  of  this  exposition  of  as  continuous  and  charming  hos- 
pitality as  has  ever  been  dispensed  from  any  house  or  any  home. 
(Applause.)  The  latch-string  has  always  hung  outside  the  door  and 
every  comer  to  every  event  has  been  welcome  to  the  New  York  State 
house.  We  pride  ourselves  in  this  part  of  the  world,  as  westerners  do 
generally,  upon  our  hospitality,  but  if  I  were  to  suggest  that  we  fell 
below  our  standard  in  anything  in  this  beautiful  exposition  it  would 
be  in  our  failure  to  make  on  our  own  account  adequate  provision  for 
the  hospitality  which  we  should  have  extended  to  those  who  came 
here.  Fortunately  for  us  the  Empire  State  supplied  the  deficiency. 
(Applause.)  They  supplied  it  in  a  well-appointed  house  and  they 
supplied  it  in  sending  as  representatives  here  a  man  and  his  wife  who 
know  how  to  dispense  hospitality  with  tact  and  gracefulness. 
(Applause.)  Every  kindly  act  as  well  as  an  act  of  hospitality  is 
greatly  heightened  by  the  way  in  which  it  is  done,  and  when  I  say  it 
is  done  here  in  such  way  as  to  leave  nothing  to  be  desired  I  am  only 
giving  scant  praises  to  those  to  whom  we  are  indebted. 

It  is  my  place  here,  as  toastmaster,  to  introduce  to  you  one  who 
enjoys  two  distinctions;  he  enjoys  many  distinctions,  but  he  is 
peculiarly  entitled  to  praise  for  two  things,  and  those  are  that  he  is 
himself  the  greatest  introducer  and  the  greatest  welcomer  of  this  year. 
(Laughter  and  applause.)  He  is  as  hospitable  in  that  line  as  our 
charming  friends  from  New  York  are  in  the  ordinary  line  of  hospi- 
tality. Before,  however,  introducing  him  I  want  to  do  what  I  should 
have  done  a  moment  ago,  to  ask  you  to  drink  the  health,  happiness, 
and  long  life  of  our  charming  host  and  hostess. 

Now  I  will  make  my  introduction  short  by  introducing  to  you 
Mr.  Welcome  Chilberg.  (Laughter  and  applause.) 


Address  of  Welcome  by  Mr.  John  B.  Chilber£,  President 
Alaska- Yukon- Pacific  Exposition 

MR.  CHILBERG: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  When  I  come  to  think 
it  all  over  I  believe  Judge  Burke  is  right.  This  new  name  ought  to 
suit  me  well,  for,  I  think,  so  far  as  concerns  welcome,  welcome  and 
repeated  welcome,  there  is  no  one  in  Seattle  who  has  extended  more 
verbally  than  myself.  It  is,  however,  certainly  a  great  pleasure  and 
an  honor  that  I  appreciate  to  have  the  opportunity  this  evening  of 
extending  the  welcome  of  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  to  our 
most  distinguished  guest,  General  Seward,  and  his  son  (applause); 
the  more  so  because  William  H.  Seward  and  his  purchase  of  Alaska 
was  the  original  inspiration  of  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition. 

And  just  a  word  about  Alaska  that  I  hope  will  appeal  to  you  as  it 
does  to  me.  You  have  all  been  told  of  the  millions  of  gold  there  and 
the  millions  of  copper  and  the  magnificent  opportunities  for  the  pro- 
duction of  wheat  and  rye  and  reindeer  and  many  other  things, 
including  coal,  but  do  you  realize,  and  some  of  us  here  in  the  west  are 
proud  of  the  fact,  that  we  or  our  fathers  or  our  grandfathers  as  far 
back  as  years  ago  were  pioneers ;  that  we  and  our  people  have  fought 
on  the  frontier  of  this  nation  in  a  peaceful  way  against  the  elements 
and  the  obstacles  that  we  had  to  contend  with  for  the  development  of 
this  country;  that  many  of  us  of  the  best  blood  of  the  nation  and  the 
best  men  of  the  nation  have  been  pioneers  who  have  fought  on  the 
frontiers.  William  H.  Seward  has  given  us  and  has  given  to  our  chil- 
dren the  last  opportunity  for  the  last  fight  of  the  American  pioneer  on 
American  soil.  (Applause.)  When  the  possibilities  of  Alaska  are 
exhausted,  when  the  opportunities  are  developed  to  their  uttermost, 
then  the  fight  must  begin,  if  we  go  west,  in  the  East. 

The  progress  of  civilization  has  been  traced  from  a  particular 
kind  of  civilization,  civilization  that  has  come  westward  from  the 
Caucasians,  from  the  Caucasus  between  Asia  and  Europe,  until  it  has 

151 


152  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

reached  this  westernmost  part  of  America,  and  the  westernmost  part 
of  Alaska  is  as  far  west,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  of  Seattle  as  Seattle  is 
west  of  New  York  city,  and  there  or  at  the  last  of  the  Aleutian  Islands 
western  time  stops  and  eastern  time  commences.  If  then  we  are  to 
conquer  more  worlds  in  peace  or  in  war  they  must  be  east  of  the  pur- 
chase of  Mr.  Seward.  It  seems  to  me  sad  when  I  think,  and  I  think 
I  am  western  —  I  know  my  father  was,  I  know  my  grandfather  was 
—  that  this  little  or  big  last  chance  is  going  to  come  so  soon  to  an  end. 
We  will  have  nothing  left  to  conquer  unless  we  follow  Peary's  or 
Cook's  or  both  their  footsteps  to  the  north  pole,  and  honestly  I  don't 
think  that  is  worth  doing.  (Laughter  and  applause.) 

It  seems  most  fitting  that  at  this  time  and  in  this  city  a  monu- 
ment should  have  been  erected  to  the  memory  of  that  great  statesman, 
William  H.  Seward,  because  of  his  purchase  of  Alaska,  though  he  had 
many  other  reasons  for  being  honored,  of  which  some  possibly  were 
greater  than  that. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  extending  to  General  Seward  and  to  his 
son,  the  welcome  of  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition.  (Applause.) 

HON.  THOMAS  BURKE: 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  I  desire  to  add  another  word  in  regard 
to  the  guest  of  honor  on  this  occasion.  It  is  not  all  serene  absolutely 
to  be  the  son  of  an  illustrious  father,  because  no  matter  how  great  his 
own  merits  may  be,  under  those  circumstances,  he  never  gets  any 
credit  for  them. 

Now,  General  Seward  is  entitled  to  greater  welcome  from  the 
citizens  of  Seattle,  from  the  citizens  of  this  community,  from  the 
citizens  of  any  community  in  the  United  States,  on  account  of  his  own 
merits.  When  the  life  of  this  nation  was  threatened,  he,  like  other 
brave,  patriotic  young  men,  entered  the  army  of  his  country  and 
fought  for  the  preservation  of  this  government,  for  the  liberty  we  enjoy 
and  for  the  privileges  which  it  is  ours  and  those  who  come  here  to 
enjoy.  (Applause.)  On  that  account,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  he  is 
entitled  to  our  regard  and  to  the  most  cordial  welcome  that  we  can 
extend  to  him. 


SEWARD    DAY  153 

I  may  add  before  sitting  down  in  continuation  of  what  has  been 
said  by  Mr.  Chilberg,  that  William  Henry  Seward  belongs  to  a  class 
of  statesmen  whose  familiarity  grows  with  years  as  they  go  by  and 
that  he  will  be  a  more  commanding  figure  to  the  people  of  the  twentieth 
century  than,  great  and  honored  as  he  was  in  the  estimation  of  the 
people  of  his  time,  he  was  to  the  people  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
And  beautiful  as  is  this  monument  that  the  people  of  Seattle  have 
raised  in  honor  of  William  H.  Seward,  again  I  want  to  say  as  a  citizen 
of  Seattle,  and  loving  this  city,  it  makes  me  proud  to  feel  that  Seattle 
took  this  position  as  a  leader  in  doing  honor  to  the  memory  of  that 
illustrious  man;  but  beautiful  as  that  monument  is,  in  his  lifetime 
William  Henry  Seward  built  a  greater  monument  than  any  that  can  be 
made  of  bronze,  that  great  monument  consists  in  bringing  in  and 
adding  to  the  national  domain  that  vast  treasure  which  is  known  as 
Alaska,  and  in  the  years  to  come  that  Alaska  will  produce  not  one, 
but  several  states,  and  the  first  and  richest  and  greatest  of  the  states  to 
be  carved  out  of  Alaska  will  be  named  Seward.  (Applause.) 

General  Seward,  our  guest,  has  therefore  a  double  title  to  as 
hearty  and  cordial  welcome  as  has  ever  been  extended  to  any  man 
here  in  Seattle.  Ladies  and  gentlemen,  we  shall  have  now  a  response 
from  General  Seward. 

Response  by  General  William  H.  Seward 

GENERAL  SEWARD: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  I  wish  that  I  could  find 
adequate  words  to  make  response  to  the  kind  expressions  that  have 
been  made  by  yourself  and  by  Mr.  Chilberg,  but  unfortunately,  I  am 
unable  to  do  so.  I  would  like  to  acknowledge  all  the  privileges  that 
have  been  extended  to  my  son  and  myself  in  the  few  weeks  here,  which 
have  been  many,  and  we  are  deeply  appreciative,  I  assure  you,  of  what 
you  have  said  of  William  H.  Seward,  which  will  be  treasured  in  our 
memory  and  in  the  memory  of  our  children  and  handed  down  to  their 
children. 


154  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

I  feel  also  that  Senator  Wilcox  and  his  wife  have  honored  me 
greatly  in  bringing  me  here  to-night  to  meet  many  of  the  prominent 
citizens  of  Seattle,  men  who  have  helped  build  a  great  city.  I  feel  as 
though  I  would  like  to  make  expression  to  you  in  fitting  terms  were 
it  possible.  Senator  Wilcox  is  a  prince  of  entertainers  (applause),  and 
I  am  quite  sure  that  his  wife  has  helped  him.  (Applause.) 

Now,  I  am  very  glad  the  State  of  New  York  has  erected  this 
building  and  has  afforded  opportunity  for  the  entertainment  that 
takes  place  in  this  building.  This  reproduction  of  the  front  of  the  old 
Seward  mansion,  where  you  go  in,  as  it  exists  now  in  the  city  of 
Auburn,  erected  nearly  one  hundred  years  ago,  if  you  could  see  it,  you 
would  say  was  almost  perfect.  That  old  house  was  erected  by  Mr. 
Miller,  by  my  mother's  father,  a  very  particular  old  gentleman,  who 
kept  accurate  account  of  everything  that  was  done,  and  among  his 
notes  and  in  his  notebook  I  find  this :  "I  am  erecting  this  house, this 
brick  house,  the  first  brick  made  here,  and  I  am  bringing  them  from 
some  twenty  miles  away ;  the  mason  is  the  one  who  erected  that  block 
of  houses  in  Washington  square  some  years  ago,  you  will  remember  as 
the  first  very  considerable  houses  that  were  used  for  residence  in  the 
city  of  New  York;"  and  then  he  goes  on  to  tell  that  Jones  is  the 
laborer  and  Smith  is  the  plumber  and  that  Brigham  Young  is  one  of 
the  carpenters.  Some  thirty-five  years  ago,  with  Mrs.  Seward,  I 
visited  Salt  Lake  and  we  were  entertained  at  that  time  at  dinner  by 
Brigham  Young.  He  said,  "Who  lives  in  Judge  Miller's  old  house 
in  Auburn?"  I  said,  "I  do."  He  said,  "Did  you  know  that  I 
worked  in  that  old  house  as  a  journeyman  carpenter?"  Think  of 
him  saying  that  —  the  head  of  the  Mormon  church. 

The  beautiful  statue,  executed  by  Brooks,  which  has  been 
dedicated  to-day,  is  an  excellent  representation  of  my  father. 
(Applause.)  The  occasion  which  brings  us  here  to  night  is  one  that  will 
long  be  remembered  by  myself  and  by  the  sons  of  a  man  who  believed 
in  God,  who  was  fearless  in  what  he  thought  to  be  right  and  who 
believed  that  this  United  States  would  eventually  become  the  leader 
of  nations.  That  prophecy  is  commencing  to  be  fulfilled. 


SEWARD    DAY  155 

Coming  here,  as  I  do,  six  years  after  my  previous  visit,  I  am 
astonished,  surprised  beyond  measure,  to  see  the  change  which  has 
occurred  in  your  city  and  the  progress  that  has  been  made,  the 
upbuilding,  which  energy  and  pluck  alone  could  do;  without  it  it  would 
have  been  impossible  to  make  any  such  accomplishment  in  the  East. 
Within  a  half  century  you  have  built  up  the  great  city  which  is  rapidly 
becoming  great  commercially  before  you  and  will  be  one  of  the  com- 
mercial cities  of  the  world,  if  it  is  not  so  already.  (Applause.)  And 
to  you,  gentlemen,  is  the  credit.  There  is  a  little  story  of  Bishop 
Whipple:  In  Georgia,  riding  through  the  pine  forests,  he  encoun- 
tered at  a  cross-road  one  day,  a  man  who  was  known  as  a  practical 
joker;  as  he  neared  the  cross-road  he  said,  "Bishop,  can  you  tell  me 
the  road  to  heaven?"  And  the  bishop  said,  "Certainly,  certainly, 
turn  to  the  right  and  keep  straight  on."  My  good  friends,  who  have 
entertained  us  most  of  the  time  since  we  have  been  here  in  the  most 
hospitable  manner,  were  kind  enough  to  take  my  son  and  me  to 
Tacoma  a  day  or  two  ago  to  visit,  and  on  the  way  in  some  manner  we 
got  off  the  right  road  and  encountered  a  passing  farmer;  the  question 
was  asked  which  was  the  way;  he  said,  "Turn  to  the  right  and  keep 
straight  on  and  you  will  fetch  it,  I  guess,  stranger."  (Laughter.) 
That  made  me  think  that,  perhaps,  the  citizens  of  Seattle  have  wisely 
been  turning  to  the  right,  and  certainly  they  have  kept  right 
straight  on  until  they  have  reached  and  accomplished  the  great 
success  which  you  are  enjoying  to-day.  (Applause.) 

HON.  THOMAS  BURKE: 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  There  was  one  remark  of  General 
Seward  that  excited  my  curiosity  greatly,  and,  like  all  boys,  I  must 
have  that  curiosity  satisfied.  You  will  remember  that  he  said  that 
on  one  occasion  he  dined  with  Brigham  Young.  Now,  my  curiosity 
leads  me  to  ask,  were  all  the  family  present?  (Laughter  and 
applause.) 

GENERAL  SEWARD: 

That  is  a  pretty  serious  question. 


156  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

MR.  BURKE: 

About  twenty-five  years  ago  there  came  to  this  city  —  it  was  little 
more  than  a  wooden  village  —  a  young  stripling,  who  was  an  entire 
stranger  save  that  he  had  one  acquaintance,  a  classmate  from  the 
University  of  Michigan.  He  came  from  the  country  and  he  had  that 
qualification  of  success  which  belongs  to  the  country  boy  in  America ; 
he  was  as  green  as  they  make  them;  he,  however,  had  the  resource- 
fulness and  the  energy  and  the  industry  of  the  American  boy  and  he 
set  himself  to  work,  he  soon  made  of  himself  a  good  lawyer,  he  soon 
became  a  successful  one,  and  to-day  he  is  the  chief  magistrate  of  this 
beautiful  city  and  second  only  to  Mr.  Chilberg  as  a  welcomer  during 
this  year.  (Laughter  and  applause.)  The  description  of  the  man 
will,  of  course,  suggest  his  name,  but  for  fear  that  the  stranger  who  is 
with  us  may  not  know  it  I  will  go  to  the  trouble  of  naming  it:  That 
is  Hon.  John  F.  Miller,  who  will  also  give  us  an  address  of  welcome. 
(Applause.) 

Address  of  Welcome  by  Honorable  John  F.  Miller,  Mayor 

of  Seattle 
MR.  MILLER: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  General  Seward,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  To-day, 
for  the  third  time  in  the  history  of  American  cities,  a  statue  was 
unveiled  to  the  memory  of  William  H.  Seward.  The  first  stands  in 
front  of  the  Seward  home,  Auburn,  New  York;  the  second  in  New 
York  city;  the  third  stands  in  the  city  of  Seattle.  (Applause.)  I 
had  hoped  to  live  to  see  the  day,  and  I  still  hope  to  live  to  see  it,  when 
at  our  national  capital  will  be  unveiled  a  glorious  monument  to  the 
memory  of  that  same  statesman.  (Applause.) 

No  one  could  listen  to  the  words  of  General  Seward  to-day,  and  to 
the  eloquent  oration  of  Mr.  Dovell,  without  having  a  higher  and  a 
better  opinion  of  American  statesmen.  I  remember  when  a  little  boy 
of  reading  an  oration,  or  an  address  rather,  of  William  H.  Seward  in 
the  Freeman  trial;  it  occurred,  I  believe,  near  Auburn;  one  of  the 
greatest  forensic  efforts,  one  of  the  greatest  addresses  ever  delivered 


SEWARD    DAY  157 

by  an  American  lawyer,  an  address  that  Gladstone  said  was  the 
greatest  forensic  effort  ever  made  by  any  lawyer  in  the  history  of  the 
world.  That  trial  and  the  address  of  William  H.  Seward  stands 
to-day  as  one  of  the  landmarks  of  the  American  lawyer's  advance. 

William  H.  Seward  is  not  only  to  be  remembered  as  a  great  states- 
man, but  he  was  the  first  great  expansionist  to  come  under  the  Ameri- 
can flag.  The  year  following  the  acquiring  of  Alaska  he  negotiated 
a  treaty  by  which  the  Danish  West  Indies  should  have  come  under 
the  American  flag,  but  the  United  States  senate  did  not  see  fit  to 
adopt  that  treaty,  and  consequently  the  great  Danish  West  India 
islands,  which  should  have  been  American  soil  and  would  have  been 
had  Seward  had  his  way,  remained  for  centuries  under  a  foreign 


I  am  glad  to  see  that  we  are  the  third  city  on  the  continent.  We, 
above  all  others  the  coming  New  York  of  the  West,  my  fellow  citizens 
(applause),  imitating  and  following  the  New  York  of  the  East,  built 
the  city  to  honor  the  memory  of  this  illustrious  statesman. 

And  you,  General  Seward,  we  are  glad  to  have  you  here.  We  are 
glad  to  have  the  honor  to  perpetuate  the  memory,  if  we  can,  of  William 
H.  Seward,  the  builder  of  American  soil.  (Applause.) 

TOASTMASTER   HON.    THOMAS   BuRKEI 

I  hope  that  the  example  set  by  Washington  State  to  Washington 
city  will  result  in  a  noble  monument  to  one  of  the  greatest  statesmen 
in  America. 

I  have  not  the  honor  of  the  acquaintance  of  the  gentleman  whom 
I  shall  next  call  to  respond  to  this  address  of  welcome,  but  I  have  been 
assured  by  Senator  Wilcox  that  he  is  an  old-time  friend  of  his,  one 
whom  he  values  very  highly,  and  according  to  the  definition  of  the 
Frenchman  which  has  been  fixed  in  the  books  and  in  the  memories 
of  men  by  the  New  York  newsboy,  I  have  no  doubt  that  we  ought 
to  congratulate  ourselves  on  having  him  as  a  guest  at  this  table. 
(Applause.)  When  the  old  gentleman  asks  the  newsboy  the  question, 
"Who  is  that  boy  whom  you  have  just  been  talking  to?"  "Why," 


158  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

he  says,  "he  is  my  friend,  he  is  my  friend."  The  old  gentleman 
asks,  "What  do  you  mean  by  a  friend?"  The  boy  says,  "Oh,  my 
friend,  I  mean  a  friend  what  knows  all  about  you  and  still  likes 
you."  (Laughter  and  applause.)  If  our  friend,  Senator  Wilcox, 
says  he  is  a  friend  of  Senator  Tully,  I  am  satisfied  that  we  ought  to 
agree. 

Ladies  and  gentlemen,  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  introduce 
to  you  Honorable  William  J.  Tully  of  Corning,  New  York. 

Response  by  Honorable  William  J.  Tully 

HON.  WILLIAM  J.  TULLY: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  I  have  had  the  pleasure 
of  a  somewhat  intimate  acquaintance  with  Senator  Wilcox  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  I  have  tried  to  make  up  my  mind  recently  whether  he  is 
handsomer  now  than  what  he  was  in  1894,  when  I  first  met  him.  I 
will  draw  you  a  pen  picture  of  him  as  he  was  then  and  I  will  leave  it  to 
your  superb  judgment,  Seattle  people,  whether  he  was  handsomer 
then  than  now.  Talking  with  him  last  evening  and  reviewing  some 
political  experiences  which  he  and  I  have  had,  I  recall  the  fact  that  in 
1894,  at  Saratoga,  New  York,  where  we  hold  all  of  our  State  con- 
ventions, I  was  sitting  in  the  room  of  a  candidate  for  Governor,  when 
a  very  distinguished  gentleman  came  in  and  asked  if  he  might  see  this 
candidate  for  governor,  and  I  was  introduced  to  him.  He  was  then  a 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  State  of  New  York.  He  was  no 
taller  than  he  is  now,  but  he  was  a  great  deal  darker  and  he  wore  a 
very  handsome  Van  Dyke  beard,  and  there  was  no  man  in  the  con- 
vention that  day,  my  friends,  who  had  a  more  distinguished  appear- 
ance, black  as  he  was,  than  the  Honorable  Benjamin  M.  Wilcox. 
He  has  lost  both  his  whiskers  and  black  hair,  but  I  am  rather  inclined 
to  think  as  he  grows  older  he  grows  handsomer. 

There  is  one  thing  that  has  impressed  me  here  to-night  with 
reference  to  home  and  friends,  and  that  is  the  innate  modesty  which 
characterizes  him  at  home  has  followed  him  all  the  way  across 


SEWARD    DAY  159 

the  continent.  I  think  you  will  agree  with  me  that  he  is  innately 
modest,  for  as  head  officer  of  the  New  York  State  Building  he 
removes  himself  from  the  head  of  the  table  and  places  himself  at 
the  foot. 

It  is  a  very  happy  coincidence  and  a  very  proper  one  that  we  are 
here  unveiling  a  statue  to  General  Seward  in  the  presence  of  his  son 
and  grandson,  and  that  General  Seward  and  the  Se wards  that  have 
come  after  him  all  come  from  the  city  of  Auburn,  Cayuga  county, 
New  York,  and  for  fifteen  years  the  citizens  of  Auburn  have  been 
represented  in  the  legislature  by  the  Sewards'  fellow  townsman, 
Senator  Wilcox. 

It  was  a  very  distinguished  compliment,  I  think,  that  we  paid  to 
the  senator  when  he  was  designated  to  come  here,  living,  as  he  does, 
in  the  city  of  Auburn,  to  represent  our  great  Empire  State  at  the  gate- 
way of  Alaska. 

I  am  very  proud  and  happy  to  hear  the  things  that  Judge  Burke 
has  said  with  reference  to  this  being  the  scene  of  hospitality  within 
your  gates.  I  recollect  that  two  years  ago  at  Jamestown  it  was  said 
to  us  there,  even  when  all  of  the  eastern  states  had  buildings,  that  the 
New  York  building  there  was  the  scene  from  which  hospitality  and 
good  cheer  radiated,  and  it  has  impressed  me  very  greatly  that  no 
state  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  has  been  sensible  enough,  has  been 
generous  enough,  to  erect  within  the  gates  of  this  exposition  a  building 
save  our  own  State  of  New  York.  (Applause.)  I  shall  go  back 
home  with  the  feeling  that  we  builded  wisely  and  well  and  that  we 
have  not  on  any  hand  contributed  any  more  to  the  success  of  your 
exposition  than  we  ought  to  have  done. 

Yesterday  when  I  came  on  the  grounds  I  had  the  pleasure  of 
meeting,  among  the  first,  Professor  Meany.  (Applause.)  I  recall  his 
visit  to  Albany  some  two  years  ago  to  interest  us  in  this  exposition. 
It  was  my  fortune  to  serve  at  that  time  on  the  finance  committee  of  the 
senate  of  the  State  of  New  York,  the  committee  that  handles  the  purse 
strings.  I  want  to  assure  you,  men  and  women  of  Seattle,  that  he 
plead  ably  and  courageously  for  your  cause,  that  we  were  invited  to 


160  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

come  out  here  and  erect,  as  I  recollect  it,  a  building  which  might  cost 
a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars,  and  then  donate  it  to  your  university. 
(Laughter  and  applause.)  I  regret  more  than  I  can  tell  that  this  same 
committee  didn't  vote  a  sufficient  appropriation  for  this  permanent 
building,  but  it  was  a  great  privilege  to  be  on  that  committee  and  to 
have  voted  for  a  smaller  one,  and  I  am  happy  to  know  since  coming 
here  that  for  a  time  at  least  this  building  is  to  be  permanent  and  the 
house  of  the  president  of  your  university.  (Applause.) 

It  has  never  been  my  good  fortune  to  visit  Seattle  before,  and  so, 
unlike  General  Seward,  I  cannot  mark  the  progress  that  you  have 
made  in  the  last  six  years,  but  I  can  assure  you  that  my  eyes  and  the 
eyes  of  those  that  are  in  my  party  have  been  opened  wide  to  see  this 
magnificent  city  on  the  far  western  coast.  We  have  been  told  all 
sorts  of  Alladin-like  tales,  and  now  that  I  see  you  all  together,  you 
able-looking  men  and  you  very  handsome  and  well-dressed  women,  I 
cannot  doubt  for  a  moment  that  those  stories  have  been  accurate  and 
at  least  fairly  truthful.  We  are  told  day  after  day  as  we  have  been 
here  and  see  that  man  going  along:  "Yes,  well  he  came  here  ten, 
fifteen,  eighteen  or  twenty  years  ago  and  he  only  had  money  to  buy 
his  lodgings  with,  now  he  is  worth  two  millions,  four  millions,  six 
millions,  eight  millions."  (Laughter.)  I  congratulate  you  upon 
your  material  prosperity.  The  signs  of  it  are  everywhere  to  be  seen 
and  not  the  least  joyous  feature  of  it  is  that  a  great  many  of  you  came 
from  New  York.  (Applause.) 

I  am  going  to  be  very  discreet  in  anything  that  I  have  to  say  about 
Seattle,  because  I  have  learned  a  very  severe  lesson  since  I  reached 
the  Pacific  coast,  and  I  am  going  back  to  New  York  chastened.  It 
was  my  privilege  to  be  asked  to  come  to  San  Francisco  to  assist  in  the 
dedication  of  a  beautiful  building  that  has  been  erected  there  by  one 
of  the  great  life  insurance  companies  of  the  country,  and  the  vice- 
president  of  which  is  honoring  us  with  his  company  here  to-night,  and 
he  was  good  enough  to  ask  me  to  make  a  speech,  and  I  put  forth  my 
very  best  effort;  I  thought  I  was  doing  splendidly  and  I  was  astonished 
that  after  all  my  efforts  at  witticism,  in  the  presence  of  350  distin- 


General  William  H.  Seward  and  little  Miss  Harriet  Baxter  who  unveiled  the  Seward 
Statue,  taken  on  the  platform  immediately  after  the  ceremony 

Miss  Baxter  Is  a  granddaughter  of  Ex-Governor  John  H.  McGraw  of  Washington 


SEWARD    DAY  161 

guished  sons  of  San  Francisco,  I  didn't  get  a  hand  when  I  referred  to 
it  as  "Frisco."  The  next  morning  the  San  Francisco  Examiner, 
not  referring  to  any  effort  of  mine,  advised  all  the  visitors  from  the 
East  to  San  Francisco  of  the  very  cordial  contempt  San  Francisco 
entertained  for  anybody  that  called  their  splendid  city  "Frisco."  So 
I  thank  my  stars  that  the  city  of  Seattle  is  so  named  that  is  has  not 
occurred  to  me  in  the  three  days  I  have  been  here  how  I  might 
shorten  your  name.  (Laughter.) 

I  have  been  very  deeply  touched,  coming  from  New  York,  by 
the  very  cordial  welcome  Mr.  Chilberg  and  your  able  mayor  have 
extended  to  us,  and  greatly  regret  that  our  own  governor  could  not  be 
here  to-night  as  well  as  he  was  on  New  York  day,  but  from  what  he 
tells  since  his  return  from  Seattle  and  from  his  impressions  of  the  fair, 
I  am  quite  within  the  truth  when  I  say  he  is  wishing  that  he  might 
be  with  us  here  to-night.  (Applause.)  I  am  quite  sure  this 
exposition  has  had  no  more  sincere  and  cordial  admirer  than  Governor 
Hughes,  and  I  only  hope  that  he  made  upon  you  people  one-half  as 
pleasant  an  impression  as  you  made  upon  him.  (Applause.) 

I  know  that  a  dinner  where  so  many  ladies  have  honored  us  with 
their  presence  it  is  not  in  good  form  for  men  to  take  very  much  time 
in  speaking,  and  you  have  heard  a  good  many  speeches  already.  I 
am  reminded  of  the  story  of  the  barrister  who  appeared  before 
the  court  and,  after  making  a  very  long  and  somewhat  deep  argu- 
ment, he  turned  to  the  judge  and  said,  "I  trust  I  am  not  trespass- 
ing upon  your  time,"  and  the  judge  said,  "No,  but  there  is  a  vast 
difference  between  trespassing  upon  time  and  encroaching  upon 
eternity."  (Laughter  and  applause.)  So  I  have  but  one  word  to 
say,  and  that  is  to  thank  you  sincerely,  not  only  from  the  bottom 
of  my  own  heart,  but  from  many  New  Yorkers  who  are  with  us 
to-night,  for  this  very  generous  reception,  for  the  cordial  words  you 
have  said  as  to  Senator  Wilcox  and  Mrs.  Wilcox,  which  I  can  cor- 
dially reiterate,  having  sat  alongside  Senator  Wilcox  for  four  years 
in  the  senate  and  having  met  Mrs.  Wilcox  every  Monday  evening 
in  the  senate.  We  are  deeply  grateful  for  the  compliment  you  have 


162  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

paid  us  and  for  the  distinction  you  have  shown  to  the  great  son  of 
New  York  whose  monument  you  have  unveiled  to-day.  We  appre- 
ciate more  than  we  can  tell  the  opportunity  that  has  been  given  us 
to  build  our  building  here  and  contribute  in  a  small  way  to  this 
exposition,  and  let  me  say  in  closing  that,  while  it  has  been  my  good 
fortune  to  attend  perhaps  all  of  the  great  expositions  in  the  country 
in  the  last  fifteen  years,  and  while  perhaps  yours  is  not  as  large  as 
some  of  them,  the  great  charm  of  your  exposition  lies  in  its  physical 
location,  and  if  anybody  can  come  here  and  walk  about  your  beautiful 
grounds  and  see  what  you  have  made  of  them  so  far  as  the  physical 
geography  of  it  is  concerned,  and  returns  to  the  East  without  a  due 
and  adequate  appreciation  of  what  you  have  done,  I  fear  he  is  not 
worthy  to  be  called  a  son  of  the  East.  You  have  a  beautiful  expo- 
sition, the  Seattle  spirit  is  everywhere,  we  are  glad  we  came  and  we 
shall  take  back  to  New  York  nothing  but  the  pleasantest  and  inspir- 
ing impressions  of  your  city  and  of  your  fair  people.  (Applause.) 

To ASTM ASTER    HON.    THOMAS    BURKE: 

I  am  sure  you  will  all  join  heartily  in  the  request  that  Senator 
Tully  take  back  to  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York  the  message 
that  while  here  he  made  troops  and  troops  of  friends,  and  indeed 
all  the  people  of  Seattle  are  his  friends  and  admirers.  (Applause.) 

I  want  to  add,  too,  that  I  think  that  our  distinguished  guest 
while  traveling  about  here  has  met  the  right  kind  of  people;  they 
have  given  him  in  full  measure  a  proper  and  exact  statement  of  the 
enormous  wealth  of  this  city.  I  can  add  —  and  this  is  something 
that  he  can  take  back  to  the  young  men  and  to  the  beautiful  girls 
in  his  state  —  that  he  has  observed  that  his  old  friend  Senator 
Wilcox  not  only  continues  to  be  a  handsome  and  distinguished  friend, 
but  seems  to  be  growing  more  and  more  so  every  day,  and  that  it  is 
due  very  largely  to  the  salubrious  climate  here. 

Now,  although,  as  my  friends  say,  I  am  not  very  religious,  I  am 
forced  to  admit  that  every  important  movement  like  the  exposition  at 
Seattle  must  have,  to  be  successful,  its  missionary,  its  evangelist.  We 


SEWARD    DAY  163 

found  the  gentleman  who  is  to  respond  to  a  toast,  which  I  have 
inserted  and  which  is  not  printed  on  the  list.  He  has  every  qualification 
of  a  traveling  evangelist;  he  can  wear  and  does  wear,  from  the  length 
of  his  legs,  the  knee  boots,  and  we  selected  him  purposely  and  with, 
I  think,  the  good  business  judgment  that  we  flatter  ourselves  belongs 
to  the  people  of  Seattle,  and  we  sent  him  as  a  missionary,  as  an 
evangelist,  of  this  exposition,  to  the  eastern  states.  He  succeeded 
admirably.  He  united  to  his  other  qualifications  that  of  a  diplomat 
and  his  persistence  has  proved  to  be  extraordinary.  I  won't  say  he 
is  a  diplomat  of  the  old  school,  but  went  East  as  a  gentleman  to  lie 
for  his  country,  but  what  he  did,  whether  in  truth  or  in  exaggeration, 
resulted  in  bringing  about  admirable  results.  A  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  which  our  friend  speaks  to-night  hinted  to  me  that  they 
tried  in  every  way  to  get  rid  of  the  professor  from  the  University  of 
Washington;  some  suggested  that  they  throw  him  out  of  the  window 
and  somebody  else  said  there  was  not  one  large  enough  to  get  him 
out  of.  At  all  events,  the  only  way  they  could  get  rid  of  him  was  to  give 
him,  not  quite  all  he  asked,  but  a  great  deal  more  than  they  intended 
to  do.  It  is  to  such  men  as  Professor  Meany  that  this  (applause) 
exposition  owes  a  great  deal  more  than  it  has  yet  acknowledged. 
He  has  been  industrious  and  zealous.  He  was  not  only  a  missionary 
and  evangelist  in  the  East,  but  since  his  return  he  has  taken  an 
industrious  and  active  part  in  every  movement  connected  with 
the  advancement  of  this  exposition,  in  every  movement  to  bring  in 
art  to  adorn  the  place,  in  every  movement  to  make  it  attractive  to 
those  who  came  from  every  part  of  the  country. 

Now,  Mr.  Meany  will  tell  you  something  about  how  he  managed 
to  accomplish  the  excellent  things  he  did  for  us  when  he  was  down 
amongst  the  inhabitants  of  the  East.  (Applause.) 

MR.  MEANT: 

Mr.  Toastmaster  and  Friends:  I  think  enough  has  been  said 
about  the  missionary  trip  and  I  will  occupy  only  a  moment  to  follow 
the  best  I  can  the  Arabian  proverb  which  says  that  the  best  form  of 


164  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

speech  is  that  which  makes  of  the  ear  an  eye.  If  it  is  possible  for 
me  to  make  you  hear  so  that  you  can  see  the  one  thought  that  this 
day  has  burned  into  my  heart  it  will  be  a  few  moments  well  spent. 

In  the  present  civilization  of  this  and  other  countries  it  is  probable 
that  the  contest  between  labor  and  capital  over  the  eight-hour  law  has 
a  place,  but  for  you  and  for  me  there  is  no  place,  for  the  man  who 
wishes  to  succeed  and  at  the  same  time  keeps  his  eye  upon  the  clock 
waiting  for  that  eighth  hour  to  strike.  Talleyrand,  when  he  came 
to  America  and  returned  back  to  his  people  in  France,  took  them 
one  ringing  message.  He  had  seen  Alexander  Hamilton  spurning 
his  father-in-law's  wealth  in  a  desire  to  practice  law.  Possibly 
Talleyrand  said,  "I  have  seen  the  eighth  wonder  of  the  world  —  a 
man  who  is  the  creator  of  a  nation,  burning  the  midnight  oil  that 
he  might  provide  his  family  bread."  You,  all  of  you,  know  that  one 
name  that  has  been  spoken  to-day  with  all  tenderness  has  been 
the  one  that  has  overtowered  the  one  honored,  Abraham  Lincoln, 
and  you  all  remember  that  Abraham  Lincoln  stood  ready  at  any  hour 
of  day  or  at  any  hour  of  the  night  to  arise  and  sign  some  public 
document  of  importance  or  to  affix  his  name  —  God  bless  his  memory 
—  to  the  pardon  of  some  poor  boy  caught  sleeping  at  his  post. 
Abraham  Lincoln,  when  the  hour  struck  for  the  ceasing  of  the  day's 
labor,  never  ceased,  and  so  I  think  with  this  day's  lesson,  if  it  impresses 
itself  on  the  Americans  as  it  has  upon  you  and  upon  me,  they  will  say 
that  there  is  no  eight-hour  law  for  the  young  American  who  desires 
to  make  himself  all  that  this  grand  country  offers  in  the  way  of 
opportunities.  (Applause.) 

There  are  many  peoples  of  this  earth  who  are  called  hasty, — 
hasty  to  rashness.  The  American  people  are  hasty  often  and  you 
know  that  when  the  American  people  seize  upon  some  new  fad  like 
the  silver  question  for  instance  they  will  rise  to  the  apex  of  the  wave 
and  they  will  shake  their  heads  and  plunge  down  the  slippery  slope 
of  the  other  side  of  the  wave  and  come  to  the  safe  harbor  they  were 
aiming  at;  and  so  I  think,  if  you  scan  your  country's  history,  you 
will  find  on  every  occasion  that  while  the  American  people  have 


SEWARD    DAY  165 

been  in  haste  about  many  things,  there  has  been  something  in  their 
character  that  has  held  them  solidly  to  the  true  foundations  of  this 
republic  of  ours.  How  true  it  is  with  the  people  who  live  out 
here,  where  it  has  been  my  pleasure  to  make  my  home,  that  the 
people  of  the  East  have  scorned  at  us  frequently  in  their  papers 
and  their  pictures  by  calling  us  the  wild  and  woolly  West  and  figuring 
us  in  the  cartoons  with  our  pants  in  our  boots  and  our  pistols  by  our 
sides;  and  those  pistols,  if  you  ever  came  in  contact  with  one  of  them, 
were  very  quick  moving,  as  well  as  the  fists  that  clasped  them. 
But  you  who  have  come  from  the  East  have  beheld  to-day  in  this 
exposition  and  in  this  unveiling  something,  the  one  fact  the  people 
of  the  United  States  will  awaken  to,  at  least  a  great  part  of  them  who 
have  come  out  here  to  visit  us,  that  this  great  wild  and  woolly  West 
has  been  conquered  by  the  love  of  the  beautiful,  when  a  people 
is  conquered  by  the  love  of  the  beautiful  the  civilization  that  we 
hold  dear  has  come  to  stay,  and  to-day,  if  you  will  look  across  your 
country,  you  will  find  between  the  Atlantic  on  the  one  side  and  the 
Pacific  on  the  other  lays  a  great  continent,  throughout  which  is  a 
splendid  specimen  of  people  welded  together  by  the  same  love  of 
the  beautiful,  the  same  desire  to  progress,  the  same  insistence  upon 
the  higher  things,  such  as  education,  such  as  religion,  such  as  the 
newspaper,  as  the  magazine  and  all  that  goes  for  culture  and  refine- 
ment. The  wild  and  woolly  West  is  a  thing  of  the  past.  To-day 
we  clasp  hands  over  the  apex  of  the  Rocky  mountains  as  one  united 
people.  (Applause.)  And  this  conquest  of  this  greater  West,  this 
wild  country,  those  of  you  whose  hair  has  grown  white  here  upon  the 
shores  of  the  Pacific,  who  have  seen  the  forests  fall  and  the  cities 
rise,  you,  I  think,  are  in  a  position  to  appreciate  this  progress  of  the 
entire  nation.  Now  we  sing  the  same  songs,  there  is  no  chance  for 
another  "Maryland,  My  Maryland"  to  be  written;  all  of  the  tele- 
graphs and  the  wireless  messages  and  the  newspapers;  to-morrow 
morning  the  people  of  New  York  city  will  open  their  papers  and  read 
General  Seward's  great  speech  just  the  same  as  our  people  will  open 
their  papers  and  read  it  here  on  the  Pacific  coast;  and  so  with  all  of 


166  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

this  energy,  with  all  of  this  magnificent  development  of  a  race  of 
people  extending  from  one  ocean  to  the  other,  across  this  continent, 
I  think  it  is  fitting  that  I  should  ask  you,  my  friends  here  in  Seattle, 
to  seize,  appropriate  and  to  appreciate  this  great  American  trait 
of  alertness.  "Let  us  make  the  treaty  to-night."  (Applause.) 

TOASTMASTER   HON.    THOMAS   BuRKEI 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  We  are  honored  here  to-night  by  the 
presence  of  another  Seattle  man  who  came  here  about  a  quarter  of  a 
century  ago,  a  poor,  penniless  young  man;  by  his  honorable  character, 
his  industry  and  his  devotion  to  his  profession  he  has  arisen  step  by 
step  until  he  occupies  the  highest  position  that  can  be  given  to  a  man 
by  the  State  of  Washington.  In  a  time  like  that  in  which  we  are 
living,  when  there  seems  to  be  an  epidemic  of  calumny  throughout 
the  country  against  public  men,  when  it  seems  to  be  the  fashion  to 
abuse  and  belittle  rather  than  see  the  points  of  merit  for  which  they 
should  be  praised,  it  is  refreshing  to  have  one  who,  having  done  a 
duty,  could  not  escape  all  censure,  still  has  come  out  scathless  as  a 
public  servant  and  against  whom  no  serious  charge  has  ever  been 
made.  (Applause.)  That  ought  not  to  be  a  matter  to  speak  of 
before  an  American  gathering,  that  a  public  man  has  not  been  accused 
of  serious  offense,  but  such  is  peculiarly  the  condition  of  the  public 
mind  through  indiscriminate  general  abuse  that  it  is  refreshing  to 
find  a  man,  who,  though  fearless  in  the  performance  of  his  duty,  has 
stood  and  does  stand  comparatively  free  from  what  other  honest 
men  suffer.  We  love  him,  as  has  been  said  by  another,  we  love  him 
for  the  enemies  he  has  made,  for  every  honest  man  who  does  things 
is  apt  to  have  enemies.  I  am  sure  you  and  I  and  all  of  us  will  be 
delighted  to  hear  from  our  senior  United  States  senator,  Samuel  H. 
Piles.  (Applause.) 


Address  by  Honorable  Samuel  H.  Piles 

HON.  SAMUEL  H.  PILES: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  I  am  indeed  gratified 
to  participate  in  this  delightful  occasion.  I  feel  to-night  as  I  have 
already  felt  that  we  owe  a  great  deal  to  the  Empire  State,  which 
built  this  building.  We  owe  a  great  deal  to-night  for  this  beautiful 
occasion,  not  only  to  the  distinguished  senator  from  the  State  of 
New  York,  Mr.  Benjamin  M.  Wilcox,  who  is  entertaining  us  so  gra- 
ciously here  to-night,  but  to  our  charming  and  delightful  hostess, 
Mrs.  Wilcox.  (Applause.) 

This  exposition,  beautiful  and  successful  as  it  is,  owes  much 
to  the  State  of  New  York.  In  the  first  place  New  York  gave  us  our 
most  distinguished,  our  most  eloquent  and  our  most  patriotic  citizen, 
our  honored  toastmaster,  Judge  Burke.  (Applause.)  When  the 
question  of  whether  or  not  the  government  of  the  United  States  would 
recognize  this  western  empire  was  pending  before  the  senate  of  the 
United  States  and  when  I,  young  in  the  service  of  my  country  and 
my  state,  scrambled  for  the  issue,  an  old  patriot  from  New  York, 
that  man  whose  great  work,  whose  magnificent  eloquence  and  whose 
service  to  his  country  is  not  without  renown,  arose  in  his  place  in  the 
senate  of  the  United  States  without  solicitation  on  my  part  and  with- 
out knowledge  on  my  part  and  spoke  one  of  the  most  eloquent  speeches 
that  was  ever  heard  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States  with  respect 
to  an  exposition,  the  Honorable  Chauncey  M.  Depew  from  the  State 
of  New  York.  (Applause.)  I  shall  always  feel  grateful  to  him 
because  I  was  young  and  embarrassed  on  that  great  occasion  in  that 
great  body.  I  shall  always  feel  grateful  to  him  for  what  he  said, 
for  what  he  did  and  for  the  fact  that  he  sustained  me  in  the  great 
contest  which  I  had  in  that  body.  Had  it  not  been  for  the  fact  that 
there  was  pending  before  the  senate  the  great  tariff  issue  he  would 
have  been  here  upon  the  invitation  of  the  state  which  he  had  accepted, 
to  deliver  the  oration  upon  the  opening  of  this  great  exposition. 

167 


168  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Now,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  think  our  country  is  most  fortunate 
in  its  history.  While  we  are  not  a  nation  of  hero  worshippers,  we 
nevertheless  entertain  for  our  great  men  a  respect  and  esteem  which 
may  not  always  be  apparent  in  the  lifetime  of  a  man  who  rendered 
a  great  service  to  his  country,  but  in  the  end  the  American  people 
never  fail  to  pay  tribute  to  patriotic  and  lofty  statesmanship,  and  while 
William  Henry  Seward  was  not  honored  in  his  day  and  his  genera- 
tion, as  became  the  great  service  which  he  rendered  his  country  and 
the  splendid  ability  which  the  man  possessed,  he  nevertheless  to-day 
lives  in  the  hearts  of  the  American  people  as  few  men  live  in  this 
day  and  generation.  (Applause.)  When  you  stop  to  think  that 
Mr.  Seward  as  the  great  cabinet  minister  went  through  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion  assuming  the  great  responsibility  which  he  did  assume, 
and  that  an  attempt  of  assassination  was  made  upon  him  and  that 
he  carried  the  wounds  to  his  grave  which  the  attempted  assassin 
placed  upon  his  body,  I  sometimes  feel  that  the  American  people 
failed  in  their  duty  that  they  didn't  make  him  president  of  the 
United  States,  which  he  ought  to  have  been.  (Applause.) 

I  need  not  attempt  here  to-night  to  speak  in  detail  of  the  splendid 
service  which  this  statesman  and  patriot  rendered  our  country.  In 
all  of  his  public  utterances,  in  all  of  his  public  life,  he  was  always  at 
heart  a  western  man.  While  Thomas  H.  Benton  was  speaking  of 
the  East  Indies,  William  H.  Seward  was  speaking  for  this  great 
western  empire  of  ours.  He  was  one  of  the  first  men  in  the  senate 
of  the  United  States  that  advocated  the  construction  of  a  transcon- 
tinental railway  from  the  East  to  the  West;  he  was  one  of  the  men 
who  contended  that  the  Pacific  ocean,  which  was  then  unsurveyed, 
should  be  surveyed  by  the  government  at  the  earliest  possible  date, 
that  our  commerce  might  be  built  up  upon  the  Pacific  ocean.  But 
while  he  rendered  much  to  his  country  while  in  the  senate  of  the 
United  States,  his  greatest  service  was  rendered  to  the  people  of  this 
country  while  he  was  secretary  of  state.  I  care  not  what  historians  may 
say,  I  care  not  what  the  common  thought  may  be;  to  my  mind  Mr. 
Seward  was  one  of  the  men  and  one  of  the  chief  men  who  contributed 


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SEWARD    DAY  169 

during  the  Civil  War  towards  the  saving  of  this  Union  as  no  other  man 
save  Abraham  Lincoln  himself  contributed  towards  it.  (Applause.) 
The  greatest  question  to  my  mind  which  came  before  him  while  he 
was  secretary  of  state  was  the  Trent  affair.  That  may  seem  of 
comparative  insignificance  to-day,  but  remember  the  condition  of  the 
country  at  that  time.  If  he  had  made  one  false  step,  the  Union 
which  we  enjoy  to-day  would  have  been  dissolved,  this  great  north- 
western country,  which  has  become  our  heritage,  would  have  been 
lost  to  us.  You  will  remember  that  in  1861,  after  Great  Britain 
had  so  specifically  recognized  the  belligerency  of  the  southern  states 
and  the  North  had  attempted  to  blockade  the  ports  of  the  South,  Mr. 
Davis  sent  to  England  and  to  France  Mr.  Mason  and  Mr.  Slidell 
for  the  purpose  of  inducing  England  and  France  to  recognize  the 
Confederacy  as  an  independent  state.  Captain  Wilkes  learning  of 
this  expedition  seized  the  vessel,  the  Trent,  in  which  these  men  had 
taken  passage  and  when  those  men  were  taken  off  that  ship  and 
carried  to  Boston,  where  they  were  imprisoned,  the  whole  country 
went  wild  in  enthusiasm  over  the  act  of  patriotism  which  Captain 
Wilkes  had  displayed;  but  in  that  one  act  was  the  crucial  test  of 
whether  or  not  this  nation  should  live  or  perish,  and  the  question 
then  to  be  determined  was  for  Mr.  Seward  as  secretary  of  state  with 
his  master  mind  to  deal  with  these  foreign  nations,  both  England  and 
France,  which  had  I  say  recognized  the  Southern  Confederacy  as 
belligerent  in  that  war  before  they  had  even  given  the  North  an 
opportunity  to  state  their  side  of  the  case.  It  is  a  well  known  fact 
that  in  that  period  of  our  Civil  War  England  was  anxious  and  France 
was  anxious  to  recognize  the  South  as  an  independent  power,  and  if 
that  recognition  had  been  brought  about  this  republic  would  have 
gone  out  of  existence,  as  every  intelligent  man  well  knows,  so  the 
question  I  ssfy  was  submitted  to  Mr.  Seward,  after  England  had  made 
her  protest  against  what  she  considered  an  insult  to  the  British  power 
by  reason  of  taking  charge  of  these  men  and  taking  them  off  of  the 
steamer  Trent.  It  is  a  well  known  fact  in  international  law  that  it 
was  within  the  power  of  Captain  Wilkes  to  have  seized  that  vessel 


170  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

and  to  have  brought  her  in  port  and  had  her  tried  before  a  proper 
court  of  admiralty  to  determine  whether  she  was  a  spy,  but  Captain 
Wilkes  instead  of  doing  that  seized  the  vessel  and  brought  Slidell  and 
Mason  into  Boston  with  the  papers  they  carried  to  Great  Britain 
in  an  effort  to  have  that  country  recognize  the  Southern  Confederacy. 
If  Mr.  Seward  had  made  one  mistake  in  that  great  question  which 
was  submitted  to  him,  I  say,  the  republic  would  have  been  lost.  He, 
great  statesman  as  he  was,  great  lawyer  as  he  was,  investigated  that 
question  and  notwithstanding  the  great  enthusiasm  that  prevailed 
throughout  the  country  Mr.  Seward  came  to  the  conclusion  that  as 
a  matter  of  right,  a  principle  for  which  this  republic  had  con- 
tended ever  since  the  British  had  claimed  the  right  to  seize  our 
ships  and  to  police  them  upon  the  open  sea  for  the  purpose  of  deter- 
mining whether  or  not  British  seamen  were  aboard  those  ships,  and 
he  contended,  as  all  America  had  contended  in  the  first  instance, 
that  that  was  not  within  the  power  of  the  British  government. 
So  yielding  to  that  principle  of  international  law  he  had  the 
wisdom  to  avert  war  with  a  foreign  power,  if  not  with  several 
foreign  powers,  and  he  surrendered  up  to  Great  Britain  Mr.  Slidell 
and  Mr.  Mason  and  to  my  mind  saved  this  republic  to  the  people 
of  this  country  to-day.  (Applause.)  We  all  remember  that  Mr. 
Seward  at  one  time  was  thought  to  be  somewhat  at  variance  with 
Mr.  Lincoln,  but  there  is  a  historical  incident  of  Mr.  Lincoln's 
private  secretary  in  his  biography  which  testifies  to  the  contrary. 
There  may  have  been  some  feeling  between  the  president  and 
his  secretary  or  some  coolness  in  the  early  stages  of  their  participa- 
tion in  the  governmental  affairs,  but  when  that  magnificent  and 
beautiful  statue  was  unveiled  at  Auburn,  New  York,  the  home  of 
William  Henry  Seward,  John  Hay,  the  man  whom  all  the  people  of 
this  country  love  to  revere  as  one  of  the  greatest  secretaries  of  state 
this  country  ever  had  (applause),  the  man  who  wrote  so  beauti- 
fully, so  tenderly  and  so  touchingly  of  Abraham  Lincoln  in  the  great 
history  of  Nicolay  and  Hay,  the  man  who  delivered  that  masterful 
oration  in  the  house  of  representatives  upon  the  death  of  William 


SEWARD    DAY  171 

McKinley,  being  unable  to  be  present  himself,  he  sent  his  message 
in  the  form  of  a  letter  to  the  committee  upon  the  exercises  in  which 
he  said  that  William  H.  Seward  was  the  closest  friend  and  the  most 
confidential  adviser  of  Abraham  Lincoln  in  all  of  his  administration, 
and  he  said  that  Lincoln  and  Seward  should  shine  together  in  the 
heaven  of  fame.  (Applause.)  And  so  it  is  true  to  this  day,  but  I  must 
not  take  up  too  much  of  your  time  in  discussing  the  subject  of  this  great 
man,  as  it  has  already  been  touched  upon  here  to-day.  We  owe 
him  more  than  we  can  express.  We  need  not  refer  to  his  services 
to  this  western  country,  to  what  he  did  in  a  larger  sense  or  rather  in 
a  general  sense  for  the  West  itself,  but  the  fact  that  Mr.  Seward  had 
the  courage  in  the  face  of  overwhelming  opposition  to  purchase 
Alaska  in  1867  for  $7,200,000  is  enough  to  endear  him  forever  to 
the  people  of  the  State  of  Washington.  (Applause.) 

The  public  records  of  congress  show  that  when  he  undertook 
to  make  that  purchase,  which  then  seemed  so  insignificant,  but 
which  subsequently  has  meant  so  much  to  us,  every  man  in  pub- 
lic life  without  a  single  exception  raised  his  voice  against  that 
act.  Why,  Mr.  Washburn  from  the  State  of  Minnesota  rose  upon 
the  floor  of  the  house  of  representatives  and  denounced  the  purchase 
in  the  name  of  the  people  of  the  United  States.  He  said  and  he 
truthfully  said  that  no  newspaper  in  the  United  States  had  ever 
advocated  the  purchase,  that  no  public  man  had  ever  advocated  the 
purchase,  that  nobody  in  the  United  States  had  contemplated  the 
purchase  from  Russia  of  that  great  empire  except  Mr.  Seward,  and  he 
said  that  that  country  was  absolutely  worthless,  that  it  would  cost  more 
than  it  was  worth  to  police  it  and  that  its  fisheries  were  of  insignificant 
value,  it  had  no  mineral  wealth  and  that  the  country  itself  would  be 
a  detriment  to  the  United  States,  and  that,  nobody  would  ever  live 
there  except  Indians  and  malefactors.  Now  that  is  the  reputation 
that  Mr.  Washburn  of  Minnesota  gave  the  Alaska  country  at  that 
time.  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  representa- 
tives the  country  ever  had,  stood  in  his  place  in  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives and  said  that  if  Seward  wanted  to  present  this  vast  sum 


172  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

of  money  to  Russia  for  the  friendship  which  she  had  shown  us  during 
the  Civil  War  —  for  as  you  will  remember  when  Great  Britain 
undertook  to  make  a  naval  display  against  us  in  that  great  contest, 
and  France  was  ready  to  join  her  —  and  this  shall  always  hold  the 
Russian  people  dear  in  my  memory  —  that  Russia  said  if  England 
should  make  a  naval  display  against  the  North  in  the  contest,  that 
she  herself  would  make  a  display  in  behalf  of  the  North,  and  so 
when  it  became  necessary  Russia  sent  her  fleet  and  it  lay  at  anchor 
in  New  York  harbor  to  render  what  service  might  be  necessary  in 
that  contest;  but  Mr.  Butler  said  in  recognition  of  that  act,  if  it  was 
the  intention  of  Seward  to  give  her  the  $7,200,000  he  was  perfectly 
willing  it  should  be  done,  but  he  didn't  want  to  take  that  great  ice- 
berg off  of  Russia's  hands;  he  said  it  had  been  stated  to  him  on  various 
occasions  that  we  could  have  Alaska  any  time  by  the  mere  asking, 
and  no  man  except  a  man  insane  enough  to  purchase  the  earthquakes 
in  St.  Thomas  and  the  icelands  in  Greenland  would  accept  Alaska, 
but  Mr.  Seward  stood  out  as  the  one  great  light  in  that  purchase 
for  the  people  of  the  United  States,  and  before  almost  any  one  knew 
it  he  had  concluded  the  treaty  with  the  Russian  minister,  and  Alaska, 
when  it  was  ratified  by  the  senate,  as  it  was  shortly  thereafter,  in  a 
few  days  became  the  territory  of  the  United  States,  and  no  man 
would  part  with  it,  no  man  in  this  section  of  the  country  would 
think  of  giving  it  up,  and  therefore  it  is  fitting  that  in  this  imperial 
western  state  here  should  be  reared  a  monument  to  Mr.  Seward, 
that  the  rising  generation  may  understand  that  to  his  foresight  and 
his  wisdom  we  owe  the  acquisition  of  that  splendid  territory  which 
is  to  make  us  the  imperial  city  of  the  universe.  (Applause.) 

Now,  somebody  has  said  that  Seattle  is  the  second  city  in  the 
United  States.  It  may  be;  I  guess  it  is  in  population;  in  all  that  goes 
to  make  a  city  of  the  third,  someone  said;  in  all  that  goes  to  make  a 
city,  it  is  the  second  city  in  the  United  States,  and  I  except  only  the 
city  of  New  York,  and  I  do  that  in  deference  to  Senator  and  Mrs.  Wil- 
cox.  (Laughter  and  applause.)  Now,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  a  great 
deal  has  been  said  here  to-night  by  the  distinguished  senator  from  New 


SEWARD    DAY  173 

York  about  this  section  of  the  country  and  the  beauty  of  the  women 
here.  I  am  not  surprised  that  every  man  who  comes  here  is  charmed 
with  the  women  of  the  State  of  Washington;  I  am  not  surprised  that 
the  senator  should  be  charmed  with  those  he  sees  here  to-night,  because 
they  come  not  only  from  the  city  of  Seattle,  but  they  come  from  the 
beautiful  islands  of  Hawaii.  I  have  had  the  pleasure  myself  of 
visiting  that  beautiful  section  of  our  country  and  if  there  is  anything 
more  entrancing  to  be  found  on  the  face  of  the  green  earth  it  cannot 
be  found  outside  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  (Applause.)  And  we 
gather  here  together  the  beautiful,  the  art  and  all  that  is  glorious 
in  both  the  new  and  the  old  world,  coming  as  they  do  from  several 
of  the  foreign  countries  of  the  world  and  from  Japan,  who  I  am  glad 
to  see  has  honored  us  here  to-night  by  the  presence  of  one  of  her 
distinguished  subjects  (applause)  —  that  empire  of  the  rising  sun  of 
the  far  East,  which  is  the  spirit  of  the  West  —  I  say  I  am  not  surprised 
that  the  senator  should  speak  in  glowing  terms  of  the  women  of 
Seattle.  There  is  something  in  this  climate  —  what  it  is  —  possibly 
the  ozone  that  comes  wafted  from  these  beautiful  mountains  —  that 
makes  our  women  so  beautiful.  Do  you  know  that  in  the  State  of 
Washington  women  never  grow  old  ?  It  is  said  there  is  no  state  on 
earth  where  the  women  always  retain  their  youth  like  they  do  in 
the  State  of  Washington,  and  I  am  not  surprised  at  that,  because  they 
have  a  peculiar  way  of  retaining  it.  I  remember  in  the  early  days 
a  lady  appeared  in  court  here  at  one  time.  I  believe  my  friend  the 
mayor  was  the  attorney  on  the  other  side.  I  don't  know  just  what 
I  said  about  the  peculiar  way  of  retaining  their  beauty,  but  the  story 
runs  that  this  lady  appeared  as  a  witness  in  court  and  the  lawyer,  an 
impertinent  sort  of  a  fellow,  said,  "Madam,  what  is  your  age?" 
She  said,  "I  am  thirty  years  of  age."  "What,"  said  the  judge, 
adjusting  his  spectacles  and  looking  down  from  the  bench,  "did  I 
understand  you  to  say  you  were  thirty  years  of  age?"  She  said,  "I 
did,  your  honor."  The  judge  said,  "Did  you  not  appear  in  this 
court  five  years  ago,  Madam?"  She  said,  "I  did,  your  honor." 
The  judge  said,  "And  did  you  not  then  say,  Madam,  that  you  were 


174  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

thirty  years  of  age?"  She  said,  "I  did,  your  honor,  and  I  will  give 
this  court  to  understand  right  here  now  that  I  am  not  one  of  those 
women  that  say  one  thing  to-day  and  another  thing  to-inorrow." 
(Laughter  and  applause.)  So  that  you  see  it  is  not  at  all  surprising 
that  the  senator  from  New  York  is  pleased  with  the  beauty  of  the 
women  of  the  city  of  Seattle.  I  must  confess  myself  that  it  has  always 
been  very  pleasing  to  me. 

Now,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  am  sure  we  are  all  gratified  at  this 
splendid  entertainment  that  the  senator  from  New  York  has  given  us 
here  this  evening.  I  am  sure  that  we  shall  always  hold  it  in  grateful 
remembrance,  and  if  New  York  shall  ever  have  occasion  to  require 
the  assistance  of  the  people  of  the  State  of  Washington,  and  especially 
those  of  the  people  of  the  city  of  Seattle,  that  they  will  come  with  their 
hearts  and  with  their  fortunes  and  pour  it  out  lavishly  in  behalf  of 
the  great  State  of  New  York,  so  ably  represented  by  the  senator  who 
has  entertained  us  here  to-night,  and  his  gracious  hostess.  (Applause.) 

TOASTMASTER    HON.    THOMAS    BlJRKE: 

This  entertainment,  delightful  as  it  has  been,  would  not  be  at  all 
complete  without  a  parting  word  from  our  worthy  host.  (Applause.) 

MR.  WILCOX: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  I  wish  to  say  at  the 
outset  that  it  is  the  last  time  I  shall  ever  select  Judge  Burke  as  a 
toastmaster  or  ask  him  to  serve,  for  the  reason  that  we  had  a  private 
understanding  that  no  one  seated  at  the  foot  of  the  table  should  be 
asked  to  make  any  remarks.  But  the  judge  is  like  some  other  people 
I  know.  A  toastmaster  can  wander  once  in  a  while,  and  he  has  been 
serving  us  in  this  capacity  as  well  as  he  does  every  place  he  occupies, 
and  as  he  did  to-day  at  the  unveiling  of  the  statue. 

My  friend  Tully  speaks  about  some  ancient  history  and  perhaps 
he  knows  —  and  perhaps  I  know  —  but  if  I  know  I  shall  keep  it  to 
myself,  and  if  he  knows  he  has  kept  it  to  himself.  (Laughter  and 
applause.) 


SEWARD    DAY  175 

It  is  a  great  and  distinguished  honor  to  be  a  senator  either  at 
Albany,  Olympia  or  Washington.  When  I  first  went  to  Albany  as  a 
senator  I  sat  around  a  few  days  and  wondered  how  I  got  there, 
and  after  being  there  about  a  month  I  wondered  how  some  other 
people  got  there  (laughter),  but  I  wish  to  say,  however,  these 
thoughts  occurred  to  me  long  before  Senator  Tully  appeared  at  Albany. 
(Laughter  and  applause.) 

It  certainly  is  a  pleasure  for  me  to  be  here  and  help  entertain 
my  distinguished  fellow  townsman,  General  Seward,  and  his  son, 
William  H.  Seward,  Jr.,  and  the  only  regret  I  have  is  that  the  junior 
seated  at  the  table  did  not  bring  another  junior  which  he  has. 
(Applause.)  Like  his  father,  he  is  a  very  modest  man;  but  he  has  a 
family  and  in  the  city  of  Auburn  we  are  determined  to  keep  the  name 
of  William  H.  Seward  alive,  so  we  have  now  living  with  us  three 
generations.  When  the  fourth  comes  —  I  know  not;  but  as  citizens 
of  New  York  and  residents  of  the  city  of  Auburn,  our  hearts  always 
swell  with  pride  when  we  think  of  the  name  of  Seward. 

Although  William  H.  Seward  was  a  distinguished  statesman, 
which  you  have  all  heard  about  to-day  and  which  you  all  know,  and 
whose  name  and  public  life  and  acts  you  revere,  I  desire  to  say  that 
his  son,  General  Seward,  is  also  a  distinguished  citizen  of  the  State  of 
New  York  (applause)  and  when  the  reunion  of  the  Grand  Army  and 
his  regiment  or  battalion  takes  place  in  central  New  York,  I  am 
somewhat  envious  that  I  was  not  an  old  soldier  myself.  (Applause.) 
Perhaps  some  of  you  do  not  know  it,  but  young  men  often  do  wonder- 
ful things.  Napoleon  had  all  Europe  at  his  feet  when  he  was  twenty- 
six  years  of  age,  and  General  Seward  was  a  brigadier-general  and  had 
won  his  spurs  at  the  same  age  (applause) —  and  in  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington they  would  say  that  was  going  some.  (Applause.) 

But  it  certainly  has  been  a  pleasure  for  me,  and  I  know  for  Mrs. 
Wilcox,  to  be  here  with  you  so  long.  On  the  10th  day  of  May  I 
started  from  the  city  of  Auburn,  the  home  of  Seward,  and  have  been 
at  the  city  of  Seattle  ever  since.  When  I  shall  leave  I  do  not  know  — 
but  I  do  not  intend  to  until  Chief  Chilberg  turns  the  lights  out  (laugh- 


176  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

ter) —  which  I  suppose  will  occur  at  midnight  on  the  16th  of  next 
month. 

I  cannot  see  what  the  people  of  Seattle  are  going  to  do  for  excite- 
ment when  that  time  arrives.  In  fact,  as  I  understand  it,  they  have 
lived  on  excitement  ever  since  the  1st  day  of  June,  and  some  of  them 
before.  (Laughter.) 

Some  of  the  speakers  to-night  have  alluded  to  the  beautiful 
women  at  this  banquet.  I  have  noticed  myself  that  in  the  city  of 
Seattle  and  in  the  State  of  Washington  they  have  many  beautiful 
women.  I  am  not  very  observing,  but  I  can  see  this  once  in  a  while. 
Some  one  asked  how  it  occurred  that  Seattle  women  looked  so  sturdy, 
strong  and  handsome,  and  was  informed  that  it  was  because  they 
climbed  the  hills  —  they  are  mountain  climbers.  We  have  enter- 
tained some  distinguished  guests  from  New  York,  some  very  high,  and 
it  was  very  hard  to  get  them  out  of  town  for  some  reason,  and  they 
always  referred  to  the  beautiful  women  which  they  met  at  the  ban- 
quets. Senator  Tully,  I  am  glad  to  say,  is  going  to  leave  in  the 
morning.  That  leaves  a  clearer  field  for  some  others  of  our  friends. 
(Laughter.) 

But  seriously,  New  York  may  have  added  a  little  to  the  exposition, 
but  no  more  than  it  should  have  done.  The  city  of  New  York,  of 
course,  is  second  to  Seattle.  (Senator  Piles  wanted  to  say  it  but  he 
hardly  had  the  nerve.)  I  do  not  blame  any  one  for  claiming  Seattle 
as  the  center  of  the  universe,  although  it  has  become  the  center 
but  recently. 

I  wish  to  thank  the  people  —  I  may  not  get  another  opportunity 
—  or  those  who  are  present,  for  their  hospitable  character,  for  the 
manner  in  which  they  have  received  us  from  the  time  we  came  until 
the  present;  in  fact,  they  ask  no  questions  about  your  ancient  history. 
I  wrote  an  Irish  friend  of  mine,  who  formerly  lived  in  Auburn  and 
removed  to  New  York  city  and  has  made  a  little  money  —  he  wrote 
me  asking  about  the  conditions  out  here  and  what  kind  of  people 
they  were  —  and  I  told  him  they  asked  no  questions  about  you  and  it 
made  no  difference  whether  you  came  over  in  the  Mayflower  or  in 


SEWARD    DAY  177 

the  Celtic.  Being  an  Irishman,  he  appreciated  this  and  answered 
right  back  that  that  was  the  right  spirit;  so  I  wrote  him  again  and  said 
that  all  they  want  to  know  here  is  if  you  can  "make  good."  Of  course 
a  few  want  to  invest  in  real  estate;  but  I  understand  now  there  is  none 
to  sell  and  all  who  have  bought  have  made  all  the  money  there  is  to 
be  made  out  of  real  estate;  therefore,  on  the  16th  of  October  we  must 
go  home  and  see  what  there  is  in  the  effete  East  for  us.  One  evening 
I  was  asked  to  respond  to  "The  Effete  East"— some  call  it  effete. 
I  looked  through  several  books  and  finally  discovered  Professor 
Meany,  who  knows  everything,  and  he  told  me  it  meant  "worn  out." 
I  said,  "Not  on  your  life,  we  are  just  beginning  to  live  in  the  East." 
Professor  Meany  delivered  a  wonderful  speech  here  to-night,  but 
it  is  no  secret  if  I  should  tell  you  it  is  the  same  speech  he  delivered 
before  the  finance  committee  at  Albany  when  he  got  us  to  come  out 
here.  (Laughter.)  Under  the  law  we  have  in  the  State  of  New  York 
at  the  present  time,  he  would  have  to  file  a  statement  in  the  office  of 
the  secretary  of  state  that  he  was  a  "lobbyist" — and  he  certainly  is 
a  success.  While  at  Albany,  he  told  me  his  whole  history;  that  he 
had  been  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and,  of  course,  we  took  him  in 
immediately  —  because  that  is  a  pretty  hard  and  unsatisfactory  job. 
He  went  before  our  finance  committee  and  he  made  his  little  speech 
and  met  many  a  rebuff,  but  he  kept  at  it;  and  then  when  he  tired  the 
finance  committee  out,  he  saw  every  member  of  the  senate  and 
assembly  —  about  two  hundred  in  number  —  and  he  visited  the 
Governor;  and  finally  he  landed  the  appropriation.  He  went  down 
into  the  State  of  Connecticut,  but  he  could  hardly  make  the  members 
of  the  legislature  of  Connecticut  believe  there  was  any  place  on  the 
map  called  Seattle,  or  Alaska;  in  fact,  they  had  never  heard  of  them. 
I  say  this  for  the  benefit  of  some  of  my  friends  here  in  the  West  who 
have  lived  in  Alaska.  All  I  can  say,  in  conclusion  is:  If  you  ever 
come  East  by  the  way  of  the  four-track  railroad  which  we  possess  and 
wander  off  from  Syracuse  to  Auburn,  if  General  Seward  will  not  enter- 
tain you,  I  am  sure  I  will  make  the  attempt;  however,  I  feel  sure  the 
General  would  be  delighted  to  entertain  you  at  his  home,  if  we  can 


178  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

move  it  back  from  Seattle.  We  moved  if  from  the  city  of  Auburn 
out  here,  and  it  has  been  the  Seward  home,  and  I  have  had  the 
privilege  of  living  in  it  since  the  1st  day  of  June;  but  I  am  a  little 
sorry  that  when  the  General  came  here  he  had  some  other  friends  who 
determined  he  should  not  live  here  very  much  and  they  have  kept  him 
ever  since  —  which  I  hardly  think  is  right,  taking  a  man  out  of  his 
own  home  —  although,  of  course,  they  foot  the  bills;  and  we  are  not 
glad  to  have  them  do  that  because  we  wanted  to  do  it  ourselves.  We 
are  grateful,  however,  that  the  General  and  his  son  have  slept  in  the 
New  York  Building. 

I  am  very  much  pleased  with  the  proceedings  to-day  and  the 
ceremonies  at  the  unveiling  of  the  statue,  and  I  am  sure  that  General 
Seward  feels  gratified  at  the  honor  conferred  upon  him;  and  I  feel 
proud,  as  a  citizen  of  the  city  in  which  he  lives,  that  such  a  welcome 
and  such  honor  have  been  accorded  such  a  distinguished  citizen  as 
Gen.  William  H.  Seward.  (Applause.) 


ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 


Alaska -Yukon -Pacific  Exposition 


A  RESUME  of  the  origin  of  the  Exposition  has  been  given  in 
the  beginning  of  this  report,  but  for  the  purposes  of  future 
reference,  the  organization  and  details  of  management  of 
the  Exposition  are  here  recorded. 

The  historic  dinner  given  in  the  old  Hotel  Washington  of  Seattle 
in  May,  1906,  was  the  beginning  of  the  active  work  on  the  Exposi- 
tion, and  it  was  here  that  the  idea  of  Mr.  Chealander  that  the  Alaskan 
exhibit  which  was  prepared  too  late  for  the  Portland  Exposition  be 
the  nucleus  of  an  exhibit  to  be  held  in  Seattle  was  adopted  and 
amplified.  As  stated  before,  the  year  1909  seemed  to  be  the  first 
available  year  for  an  exposition  to  be  held,  inasmuch  as  1908  was  a 
presidential  year  and  1907  was  the  year  of  the  Jamestown 
Exposition. 

The  articles  of  incorporation  of  the  Alaska- Yukon  Exposition 
were  filed  on  May  8,  1906,  with  an  authorized  capital  stock  of 
$500,000.  This  was  increased  on  December  28,  1906,  to  $800,000. 
On  August  17th,  amended  articles  were  filed  including  in  the  cor- 
porate title  the  word  "Pacific,"  as  the  project  had  gained  such  scope 
as  the  summer  passed. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  and  the  officers  were  as  follows: 

Board  of  Trustees 

Arai,  T.  Battle,  Alfred  Battle. 

Andrews,  E.  W.  Blethen,  A.  J. 

Ainsworth,  E.  E.  Boole,  George. 

Baker,  F.  W.  Broderick,  Henry. 

181 


182 


ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 


Calhoun,  W.  M. 
Chilberg,  J.  E. 
Clise,  J.  W. 
Collins,  C.  R. 
Collins,  Josiah. 
Davis,  John. 
Farrel,  J.  D. 
Fischer,  G.  W. 
Ford,  J.  C. 
Fowler,  C.  E. 
Fox,  R.  R. 
Furth,  Jacob. 
Goldsmith,  J.  S. 
Hartman,  John  P. 
Hedges,  S.  H. 
Hemrich,  Andrew. 
Henry,  H.  C. 
Hodge,  Jas.  D. 
Hughes,  E.  C. 
Kerry,  A.  S. 
Latimer,  N.  H. 


McGraw,  John  H. 
McLaren,  Geo.  S. 
Marmaduke,  J.  C. 
Meany,  E.  S. 
Moore,  Jas.  A. 
Moore,  Wm.  Hickman. 
Parry,  Will  H. 
Pigott,  Wm. 
Powles,  J.  B. 
Price,  John  G. 
Rhoades,  W.  L. 
Roberts,  John  W. 
Shorrock,  E. 
Smith,  C.  J. 
Stewart,  A.  B. 
Stimson,  C.  D. 
Treat,  H.  W. 
Webster,  E.  E. 
Williams,  H.  R. 
Wilson,  John  L. 
White,  C.  F. 


Officers 


President, 
J.  E.  Chilberg. 

Vice-Presidents, 

John  H.  McGraw, 

H.  C.  Henry, 

A.  S.  Kerry. 

Director-General, 
I.  A.  Nadeau. 


Secretary, 
W.  M.  Sheffield. 

Treasurer, 
C.  R.  Collins. 

General  Counsel, 
John  W.  Roberts. 


ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION  183 

The  various  committees  formed  for  the  control  of  the  distinctive 
work  of  the  Exposition  were  as  follows : 

Executive  Committee 

J.   E.  Chilberg,  President  and       F.  W.  Baker. 

Ex-officio  Chairman.  E.  S.  Meany. 

John  H.  McGraw.  Josiah  Collins. 

A.  S.  Kerry.  Jacob  Furth. 

C.  J.  Smith.  George  Boole. 

E.  C.  Hughes.  C.  R.  Collins. 
J.  W.  Clise.  H.  C.  Henry. 

J.  S.  Goldsmith.  N.  H.  Latimer,  R.  R.  Spencer,  and 

Will  H.  Parry.  G.  V.  Holt,  Associate  Members. 

Finance  Committee 

F.  W.  Baker,  Chairman.  W.  M.  Calhoun. 
Will  H.  Parry.  A.  B.  Stewart. 
George  Boole.  E.  E.  Webster. 
Jacob  Furth.  N.  H.  Latimer. 

Geo.  S.  McLaren.  R.  R.  Spencer  and  G.  V.   Holt, 

John  G.  Price.  Associate  Members. 

Agriculture  and  Horticulture  Committee 

E.  F.  Blaine,  Chairman.  W.  D.  Church. 

Arthur  Gunn. 


Committee  on  Machinery  and  Transportation 

R.  R.  Fox,  Chairman.  W.  F.  Richardson. 

Perry  Poison.  L.  B.  Peeples. 

Phillip  Rowe. 


184  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 


Mines  and  Mining  Committee 

George  James,  Chairman.  C.  E.  Bogardus. 

Chester  F.  Lee.  J.  C.  Ford. 


Live  Stock  Committee 

J.  W.  Clise,  Chairman.  R.  M.  Kinnear. 

C.  D.  Stimson.  D.  E.  Frederick 

W.  H.  Paulhamus. 

Fisheries  Committee 

E.  E.  Ainsworth,  Chairman.  Miller  Freeman. 

Capt.  D.  H.  Jarvis.  John  L.  Riseland. 

W.  T.  Chutter.  E.  B.  Deming. 

Education  Committee 

E.  Shorrock,  Chairman.  Austin  E.  Griffiths. 

Frank  B.  Cooper.  E.  O.  Sisson. 

Henry  C.  Ewing.  B.  W.  Johnson. 

Forestry  Committee 

E.  G.  Ames,  Chairman.  C.  C.  Bronson. 

C.  F.  White.  C.  E.  Patten. 

John  Eddy. 

Fine  Arts  Committee 

Dr.  Alfred  Raymond,  Chairman.   J.  W.  Clise. 
A.  J.  Blethen,  Jr.  E.  S.  Curtis. 

Fred  S.  Sander. 


ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION  185 

Ceremonies,  Music  and  Athletic  Sports 

Josiah  Collins,  Chairman.  Geo.  F.  Russell. 

J.  C.  Marmaduke.  B.  Pelly. 

A.  S.  Kerry.  J.  S.  Goldsmith. 
A.  B.  Stewart. 

Concessions  Committee 

J.  S.  Goldsmith,  Chairman.  R.  H.  Parsons 

Geo.  B.  Kittinger.  Theo.  N.  Haller. 

Jas.  T.  Blakistone. 

Grounds  and  Buildings  Committee 

C.  J.  Smith,  Chairman.  J.  C.  Hughes. 

J.  E.  Galbraith.  E.  W.  Clise. 

James  A.  Moore.  M.  J.  Carkeek. 

Col.  A.  J.  Blenthen.  Frank  T.  Hunter. 

Exploitation  and  Publicity  Committee 

C.  R.  Collins,  Chairman.  Henry  Broderick. 

Geo.  S.  McLaren.  Claude  C.  Ramsay. 

Jas.  D.  Hoge. 

Legislative  Committee 

E.  C.  Hughes,  Chairman.  A.  B.  Stewart. 

John  H.  McGraw.  John  W.  Roberts. 

John  P.  Hartman.  Wm.  Hickman  Moore. 

John  L.  Wilson.  J.  W.  Clise. 


186  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

The  Executive  Departments  of  the  Exposition  were  as  follows: 

President's  Office 

J.  E.  Chilberg,  President.  Miss  A.  E.  Moses,  Assistant. 

R.  W.  Boyce,  Secretary. 

Executive  Committee  of  International  Jury  on  Awards 

J.  E.  Chilberg,  President  Alaska-  J.  S.  Goldsmith,  Chairman  Con- 
Yukon-Pacific  Exposition.  cession  Committee. 

A.  S.  Kerry,  Vice-President  and  I.  A.  Nadeau,  Director-General. 

Chairman  of  Committee  of  Henry  E.  Dosch,  Director  of 
Exhibits  and  Privileges.  Exhibits  and  Privileges. 

Director-General's  Office 

I.  A.  Nadeau,  Director-General.  Miss  Elsie  Kuhn,  Assistant  to  the 
Miss  Dorithy  Dunn,  Secretary.  Director- General. 

Secretary's  Office 

W.  M.  Sheffield,  Secretary.  A.  J.  Wilkes,  Assistant. 

L.  L.  Woodford,  Assistant.  Miss  C.  S.  Jones,  Chief  Clerk. 

Division  of  Exhibits  and  Privileges 

Col.  Henry  E.  Dosch,  Director.  W.  E.  Winks,  Superintendent  Man- 
Miss  Bertha  Moores,  Assistant.  ufacturers  and  Foreign  Build- 
Miss  Carrie  Moores,  Secretary.  ings. 

F.  M.  Hamilton,  Traffic  Manager.  S.  O.  Morse,  Superintendent  Agri- 
A.    D.     Miller,    Superintendent  culture  and  Horticulture  Build- 
Machinery  and  Mines  Build-  ing. 
ing. 


ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION  187 

Division  of  Concessions 

G.  E.  Mattox,  Director.  Miss  M.  W.  Wilkinson,  Assistant. 

Miss  L.  O.  Chilberg,  Secretary. 

Division  of  Works 

Frank  P.  Allen,  Jr.,  Director.  J.  R.  Thompson,  Electrical  Engi- 
Louis  Baeder,  Assistant  Director.        neer. 

Josef  Schiffers,  Assistant  Director.  A.  J.  Quigley,  Assistant  Engineer. 

James   F.   Dawson,    Landscape  Roberta  L.  Terry,  Secretary. 
Architect. 

Division  of  Admissions 

C.  R.  Collins,  Treasurer.  H.  R.  George,  Assistant. 

A.  D.  Barrall,  Chief.  H.  C.  Allen,  Secretary. 

Division  of  Ceremonies 

Josiah  Collins,  Chairman  Com-  James  Dunlavey,  Superintendent 

mittee.  Stadium  and  Auditorium. 

L.  W.  Buckley,  Director  of  Dan  C.  Freeman,  Special  Corn- 
Special  Events.  missioner. 

W.  M.  Inglis,  Director  of  Miss  Thea  Commentz,  Chief  Clerk. 
Athletics. 

Division  of  Exploitation 

James  A.  Wood,  Director.  Miss    Lydia    M.    Witting,    Chief 

R.  W.  Raymond,  Assistant.  Clerk. 

Publicity 

Welford  Beaton,  Chief.  D.   B.    Duncombe,  Chief  Contest 

Mrs.  M.  P.  Way,  Assistant.  Bureau. 

Miss  Hattie  Staples,  Assistant. 


188  ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

Live  Stock 

M.  D.  Wisdom,  Director.  Miss  Rhoda  Hobson,  Assistant. 

Frank  A.  Welch,  Secretary. 

Fine  Arts 

G.  L.  Berg,  Director.  John  Williams,  Assistant. 

Mrs.  E.  Dutton,  Assistant. 

Emergency  Hospital 

Dr.    E.   M.   Rininger,   Medical  Dr.  M.  W.  McKenney,  Assistant. 

Director.  Miss  Bertha  Weise,  Chief  Nurse. 

Dr.  W.  C.  Kautner,  Physician  in  Miss  Mary  Anderson,  Assistant. 

Charge. 


FINANCES 


Finances 


IT  is  a  matter  of  great  pride  in  Seattle  that  the  entire  issue  of  capital 
stock  was  oversubscribed  by  $126,000  on  the  first  day  on  which 

the  books  were  opened  to  the  public.  This  is  largely  attribut- 
able to  the  energy  of  Mr.  Will  H.  Parry  of  the  Finance  Committee. 
Subsequently,  a  bond  issue  of  $350,000  was  authorized,  and,  through 
Mr.  Parry's  efforts,  they  were  also  sold  within  the  limits  of  the  city. 

The  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  has  the  unique  distinc- 
tion of  having  been  absolutely  ready  on  the  opening  day.  This  is 
a  record  unparalleled  in  exposition  building,  and  reflects  the  highest 
credit  on  the  enterprise  and  energy  of  the  exposition  management. 
Undoubtedly  this  is  somewhat  due  to  the  fact  that  the  winters  on 
the  Puget  Sound  are  almost  free  from  snow,  and  work  could  be 
prosecuted  during  the  whole  of  the  twelve  months  of  the  year;  but 
so  accurately  were  the  plans  laid  that  upon  May  31st  every  building, 
every  avenue,  every  piece  of  landscape  gardening  was  in  perfect 
condition,  and  needed  not  another  hammer-stroke  for  use  during 
the  exposition. 

The  monumental  feature  of  the  exposition  was  the  Plaza  and 
Cascade  Court  immediately  in  front  of  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment Building.  The  cascades  descended  in  a  gentle  slope  from  the 
basin,  and  surrounding  them  were  sunken  gardens  which  were  rich 
in  bloom  during  the  whole  exposition  period.  Beyond  them,  leading 
down  to  Lake  Union,  were  the  formal  gardens  and  lawns.  Mount 
Rainier,  distant  eighty  miles,  was  outlined  in  the  center  of  this  vista  and 
formed  a  wonderful  scenic  background  to  the  main  exposition  picture. 

The  diffusion  of  flowers  at  this  exposition  was  a  marked  feature, 
and  millions  of  blooms  were  to  be  seen  daily,  carefully  planted  in 

191 


192  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

harmonious  effects.  The  cactus  dahlia  was  the  official  flower  of 
the  exposition,  and  it  was  everywhere. 

Much  attention  was  paid  by  the  exposition  management  to  the 
music,  which  was  furnished  at  the  fair  free  of  all  charge.  Wagner's 
A.-Y.-P.  Exposition  band  gave  concerts  every  afternoon  and  evening 
in  the  principal  plazas  that  were  highly  appreciated  by  the  visiting 
crowds.  In  addition,  special  bands  were  engaged  during  the  whole 
of  the  exposition  period.  Mr.  F.  N.  Innes,  of  New  York,  was  the 
Director  of  Music,  and  the  Innes'  band  furnished  concerts  every 
afternoon  and  evening  during  the  month  of  June.  This  band  was 
succeeded  by  Liberati's  band,  of  New  York  city,  which  gave  a  similar 
series  of  concerts  through  July;  for  the  remainder  of  the  exposition, 
Ellery's  band,  of  Chicago,  was  engaged,  and  became  prime  favorites 
with  the  regular  and  visiting  exposition  attendance.  The  Philippine 
Constabulary  band  was  also  on  the  grounds  for  three  weeks  and  was 
given  the  place  of  honor  in  the  escort  of  President  Taft  on  Taft  Day. 

The  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  Exposition  goes  into  history  with  a 
most  honorable  record  of  prompt  and  efficient  management,  attend- 
ance in  excess  of  the  estimates,  all  debts  paid,  and  with  a  gratifying 
proportion  of  the  capital  stock  to  be  returned  to  the  subscribers. 

A  report  of  this  nature  would  not  be  complete  without  duly 
acknowledging  the  great  courtesy  and  kindness  to  the  New  York 
Committee  of  the  President  of  the  Exposition,  Mr.  J.  A.  Chilberg; 
the  Director-General,  I.  A.  Nadeau;  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Ceremonies,  Mr.  Josiah  Collins,  and  the  heads  of  the  executive 
committees. 

It  was  clearly  to  New  York's  interest  to  have  been  represented 
at  the  exposition,  and  the  high  regard  which  was  felt  for  New  York 
through  the  northwest  section  was  increased  and  intensified  by  her 
generous  participation  in  the  official,  social  and  exhibit  features  of 
the  fair. 

The  State  of  Washington  contributed  one  million  dollars  toward 
the  exposition,  the  expenditure  of  which  was  supervised  by  a  State 
commission,  with  the  understanding  that  the  buildings  erected  by 


flf 


FINANCES  193 

the  State  should  be  of  a  permanent  character  and  should  revert  to 
the  use  of  the  State  University  at  the  close  of  the  exposition.  In 
accordance  with  this  policy,  there  were  erected  by  the  Washington 

State  Commission  the  following  buildings,  at  a  total  cost  of  $204,775 : 

Forestry  Building $90,920 

Washington  State  Building 71,124 

Education  Building 10,675 

Woman's  Building 12,000 

Good  Roads  Building 7,120 

Dairy  Building 6,236 

Dairy  Barn 3,100 

Live  Stock  Exhibit. .                    4,000 


This  material  contribution  to  the  architecture  of  the  exposition 
saved  the  Board  of  Directors  a  great  expense. 

Out  of  the  appropriation  of  One  million  dollars  made  by  the 
State  of  Washington  for  the  fair,  $600,000  was  placed  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  Washington  University  for  the 
erection  of  permanent  buildings  to  be  used  for  exposition  purposes, 
and  then  to  revert  to  the  use  of  the  University.  The  four  buildings 
erected  as  follows  were  of  brick,  fire-proof,  and  cost  approximately 
$560,000.  The  Auditorium,  the  Fine  Arts  Building,  Machinery 
Building,  and  the  Power  House. 

The  United  States  Government  appropriation  was  $650,000,  and 
the  main  building  at  the  head  of  the  Cascade  Court  was  erected 
therefrom.  Of  this  appropriation  there  was  also  expended  $100,000 
on  the  Alaskan  Building  and  exhibit,  $25,000  on  the  Philippine 
Building  and  exhibit,  and  $25,000  on  the  Hawaiian  Building  and 
exhibit.  The  balance  expended  on  the  three  latter  buildings  and 
exhibits  was  contributed  by  the  territories  themselves. 

State  and  county  buildings  were  of  course  erected  by  funds 
appropriated  from  corresponding  sources,  which  left  comparatively 
few  buildings  for  erection  by  the  exposition  management  for  exhibit 


194  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC    EXPOSITION 

purposes;  these  were  the  Art  Building,  the  Auditorium,  Machinery 
Building,  Foreign  Building,  Oriental  Building,  Agricultural  Build- 
ing, Manufactures  Building  and  Mines  Building.  The  first  three 
mentioned  were  permanent  and  revert  to  the  University. 

The  entire  cost  of  the  laying  out  of  the  grounds,  with  their 
extensive  landscape  gardening,  was  assumed  by  the  exposition 
company,  except  such  portions  of  the  grounds  as  were  granted  to 
States,  counties  and  foreign  governments  for  specific  purposes. 

A  summary  of  expenditures  and  attendance  is  given  for 
reference : 

Cost  of  buildings  erected  by  the  exposition  company.  $439,490  61 
Cost  of  grounds  chargeable  to  the   exposition  com- 
pany   583,423  75 

Total  cost  of  exposition  up  to  opening  day 1,417,961  65 

Total  cost  of  exposition  up  to  closing  day 2,142,431  37 

Amount  received  from  admissions 1,096,475  54 

Amount  received  from  concessions 300,192  79 

Amount  received  from  exhibits 110,972  00 

Amount  received  from  other  sources 11,797  81 


$1,519,438  14 

Attendance 

Month  of  June 670,389 

Month  of  July 861,275 

Month  of  August 901,711 

Month  of  September 840,504 

Month  of  October  (lst-16th) 466,672 

3,740,551 


Total  paid  admissions 2,765,683 

Total  pass  admissions 974,868 

3,740,551 


FINANCES  195 

Attendance  on  Special  Days 

June    1  —  Opening  Day 91,450 

June    5  —  Children's  Day 40,064 

July     3  —  Lumberman's  Day 40,593 

July     5  —  Independence  Day 60,786 

July   28  —  Elks'  Day 43,638 

July  31  —  Swedish  Day 40,352 

Aug.     3  —  Minnesota  Day 35,642 

Aug.  18  —  German  Day 38,642 

Aug.  20  —  Pay  Streak  Day 43,139 

Aug.  21  —  Vancouver,  B.  C.,  Day 35,765 

Aug.  30  —  Norway  Day 42,026 

Sept.    4  —  Japan  Day 41,929 

Sept.    6  —  Seattle  Day 118,824 

Sept.  11  —  New  England  Day 54,082 

Sept.  18  —  Exhibitors'  Day 61,579 

Sept.  30  —  Taft  Day 60,953 

Oct.     3  —  Live  Stock  Day 39,014 

Oct.     9  —  Children's  Day 56,375 

Oct.   16  —  Closing  Day 61,257 

Financial  Report 

Expenditures 
COST  OF  BUILDING: 

Original  building  contract $27,566  00 

Extras 5,715  14 

$33,281   14 

COST  OF  IMPROVING  GROUNDS: 

Grading,  soil  and  cement  walk $1,555  00 

Treating  ground,  sodding,  etc 752  50 

2,307  50 

ARCHITECT'S  FEES  AND  EXPENSES 5,306  28 

ELECTRICAL  FIXTURES 1,196  85 

EXHIBITS,  INCLUDING  FREIGHT,  ETC 4,772  51 


196  ALASKA- YUKON-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

FURNITURE  AND  FURNISHINGS  —  HOUSE  : 

Andirons  and  screens $109  00 

Carpets  and  rugs 1,551  85 

Linen  and  towels 1,074  84 

Bedding  and  blankets 360  50 

Draperies 1,050  84 

Furniture 5,274  70 

9,421  73 

MISCELLANEOUS  SUPPLIES 1,046  23 

RESTAURANT  FURNISHINGS 5,975  32 

LIGHTING  SERVICE 2,495  27 

GAS  SERVICE 59  40 

WATER  RENTAL 252  00 

INSURANCE : 

Premiums  paid $300  00 

Less  rebate  on  cancellation 116  47 

183  53 

PRINTING  AND  STATIONERY 1,139  56 

RESTAURANT  CHARGES: 

Exposition  Club,  for  services  at  ban- 
quets, receptions,  etc $9,568  90 

Less    credit   allowance    for   restaurant 

privilege 2,000  00 

7,568  90 
EXPENSES: 

Howard     J.     Rogers,     Secretary     and 

Director  of   Exhibits $3,478  74 

W.  C.  Lehman,  Assistant  Secretary.  .  .  809  46 

B.  M.  Wilcox,  Chief  Executive  Officer.  2,878  87 

John  T.  McCall 730  70 

J.  Mayhew  Wainwright 317  25 

James  S.  Parker 423  50 

Other  employees 3,888  25 

Paid  to  Hotel  Washington 1,593  10 


14,119  87 


FINANCES  197 

SALARIES: 

Howard    J.   Rogers,   Secretary   and 

Director  of  Exhibits $5,416  58 

W.  C.  Lehman,  Assistant  Secretary 1,300  00 

Other  employees 5,765  80 

12,482  38 

LABOR 247  15 

LAUNDRY  AND  CLEANING 415  06 

PHOTOGRAPHS  AND  VIEWS 471  45 

SEWARD  DAY  EXPENSE  (unveiling  statue,  banquets, 

pamphlets,  etc.) 514  71 

FLOWERS  AT  BANQUETS,  RECEPTIONS,  ETC 300  40 

CURRENT  EXPENSES  OF  BUILDING 1,486  33 

CASH  ON  HAND 2,823  28 


$107,866  85 
Receipts. 

APPROPRIATION  —  LEGISLATURE  OF  1908 $75,000  00 

APPROPRIATION  —  LEGISLATURE  OF  1909 30,000  00 

INTEREST  ON  DEPOSIT,  AUBURN  TRUST  COMPANY,  TO 

JUNE  30,  1909 120  69 

INTEREST  ON  DEPOSIT,  AUBURN  TRUST  COMPANY,  TO 

JANUARY  1,  1910 31  58 

RECEIPTS  FROM  SALE  OF  FURNITURE 2,690  58 

RECEIVED  FROM  ALBANY  ART  UNION.  .  24  00 


$107,866  85 


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